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arrFiles=new Array();arrFiles[0]=new Array(1,"index.html","2008-02-22","CRID - Vocabulario Controlado sobre Desastres","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos BIENVENIDOS AL SISTEMA DE BÚSQUEDA DE TÉRMINOS SOBRE DESASTRES Utilice el siguiente buscador para encontrar el término de su preferencia. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[1]=new Array(2,"page1.html","2008-02-22","ABARRANCAMIENTO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ABARRANCAMIENTO BOGGING DOWN Nota alcance: Sistema de profundas grietas en la superficie del terreno, producido por fuertes escorrentías originadas por las lluvias torrenciales. Fuente: Asociación Iberoamericana de Organismos Gubernamentales de Defensa y Protección Civil (2004, Setiembre 13). Glosario de Términos Arce. Extraído el 23 de mayo de 2006 desde recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[2]=new Array(3,"page10.html","2008-02-22","ADMINISTRACIÓN DE DESASTRES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ADMINISTRACIÓN DE DESASTRES DISASTER MANAGEMENT Nota alcance: El cuerpo de las políticas y decisiones administrativas y actividades operacionales que pertenecen a las diferentes etapas del desastre en todos sus niveles. Fuente: (Material II - IDNDR, 1992) Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[3]=new Array(4,"page100.html","2008-02-22","CLIMA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CLIMA CLIMATE Nota alcance: Conjunto de condiciones atmosféricas de un lugar determinado, constituido por una diversidad de factores físicos y geográficos, que caracterizan y distinguen a una región. Los principales elementos del clima son: insolación, temperatura, precipitación, presión atmosférica, humedad, vientos y nubosidad. También se llama así a la descripción estadística del estado del tiempo en un lapso suficientemente amplio como para ser representativo; usualmente se considera un mínimo de 30 años, en un lugar determinado. La diferencia entre tiempo y clima estriba en que al primero se le define como la suma total de las propiedades físicas de la atmósfera en un período cronológico corto. Mientras que el tiempo varia de un momento a otro, el clima varia de un lugar a otro. Al clima lo estudia la climatología; al tiempo lo estudia la meteorología, que es la disciplina que se ocupa de las propiedades de la atmósfera y de los fenómenos físicos y dinámicos que en ella ocurren. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992) Glosario multilingue de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra UN. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",5);arrFiles[4]=new Array(5,"page101.html","2008-02-22","CLIMA CONTINENTAL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CLIMA CONTINENTAL CONTINENTAL CLIMATE Nota alcance: Clima característico del interior de los continentes, donde los trazos distintivos son la gran amplitud, anual o diaria, de la temperatura. Fuente: Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Multilingual Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and International Relief, 1990. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[5]=new Array(6,"page102.html","2008-02-22","CLIMA DE MONTAÑA ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CLIMA DE MONTAÑA MOUNTAIN CLIMATE Nota alcance: Clima determinado por el factor geográfico de la altitud y caracterizado por baja presión y una radiación solar intensa rica en rayos ultravioleta. Climate governed by the geographic factor of altitude, and characterized by low pressure and by intense solar radiation rich in ultra-violet rays. Fuente: Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Multilingual Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and International Relief, 1990. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[6]=new Array(7,"page103.html","2008-02-22","CLIMA ECUATORIAL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CLIMA ECUATORIAL EQUATORIAL CLIMATE Nota alcance: El clima ecuatorial es aquel que se caracteriza por poseer temperaturas altas (la media anual siempre es superior a 25 ºC a nivel del mar) y casi constante durante todo el año (amplitud térmica anual inferior a 2 ºC), además de lluvias abundantes y regulares siempre superiores a 2.000 mm por año. Se localiza en las zonas cercanas al ecuador terrestre, en muy bajas latitudes, es decir, el cinturón latitudinal correspondiente a la zona intertropical de convergencia (ZIC), donde se encuentran los vientos alisios del noreste y sureste. Los ejemplos más representativos son la zona norte de la Selva Amazónica y África Central, con frondosos bosques casi impenetrables. En este clima se desarrollan dos de los ríos más caudalosos del mundo, el Río Amazonas y el Río Congo. Fuente: Wikimedia Foundation. Wikipedia Enciclopedia Libre. Recuperado el 20 de febrero de 2008. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[7]=new Array(8,"page104.html","2008-02-22","CLIMA MARÃ�TIMO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CLIMA MARÍTIMO MARITIME CLIMATE Nota alcance: Clima propio de las islas oceánicas o las regiones costeras de los continentes, que se caracteriza por pequeños intervalos de temperatura anuales, diarios o entre el día y la noche, una humedad relativa alta y lluvias regulares. Las temperaturas extremas anuales aparecen rezagadas con respecto a los solsticios. Fuente: Depósito de documentos de la FAO. Departamento de Pesca. Extraído el 23 de mayo de 2006 desde recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[8]=new Array(9,"page105.html","2008-02-22","CLIMA MONZÓNICO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CLIMA MONZÓNICO MONZOON CLIMATE Nota alcance: Clima que se encuentra entre los 5º y los 25º de latitud. Está dominado por las masas de aire tropical marítimo, cálida y húmeda que proceden de los bordes occidentales de los anticiclones subtropicales. Tiene una estación seca muy marcada y un máximo pluviométrico que se alcanza cuando está cerca la Zona de Convergencia Intertropical (ZCIT). Tiende a darse en el este de los continentes y se potencia cuando hay un obstáculo orográfico que obliga a elevarse a las masas de aire. Es un clima muy lluvioso, en torno a los 2.500 mm, y con escasa oscilación térmica, entre 25 y 27 ºC. Las zonas más representativas de este tipo de clima son: el Asia suroriental, en Norteamérica la zona de Florida y el golfo de México, América Central y el Caribe y Madagascar en África. Fuente: Wikimeda Foundation. Wikipedia Enciclopedia Libre. Recuperado el 20 de febrero de 2008. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[9]=new Array(10,"Page106.html","2008-02-22","CLIMA TROPICAL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CLIMA TROPICAL TROPICAL CLIMATE Nota alcance: Clima típico de las regiones ecuatoriales y tropicales, por ejemplo, uno con temperaturas continuamente altas y con precipitacion considerable, por lo menos durante parte del año . Fuente: McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[10]=new Array(11,"page107.html","2008-02-22","CLIMAS DESÉRTICOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CLIMAS DESÉRTICOS Nota alcance: Con esta denominación se identifican una variedad de climas caracterizados paisajísticamente por la aridez. Fuente: Laboratorio Climatología. Instituto Universitario de Geografía. Vocabulario de términos de uso frecuente en climatología. Recurso en línea extraído el 24 de mayo. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[11]=new Array(12,"page108.html","2008-02-22","CLIMAS TEMPLADOS ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CLIMAS TEMPLADOS Nota alcance: Temperaturas medias anuales alrededor de los 15 C y precipitaciones medias anuales suficientes y abundantes entre 500 mm y 1000 mm. Fuente: Escolar.com. El Clima. Recurso en línea extraido el 24 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[12]=new Array(13,"page109.html","2008-02-22","CLIMATOLOGÃ�A","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CLIMATOLOGÍA CLIMATOLOGY Nota alcance: Estudia la evolución de los procesos físicos que ocurren en la atmósfera. Fuente: Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Multilingual Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and International Relief, 1990. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[13]=new Array(14,"page11.html","2008-02-22","AFECTADO (s)","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio AFECTADO (s) Nota alcance: Persona o grupo de ellas que ante el impacto de un evento físico de orden natural o antrópico sufre daños o perjuicios de sus bienes y servicios de manera reversible y cuya recuperación puede ser adelantada por ella misma en un corto tiempo y con poca o ninguna atención del Estado. Fuente: Modificación de definición encontrada en Lista de los términos conceptuales usados por la Dirección Nacional de Protección Civil y Administración de Desastres de Venezuela. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[14]=new Array(15,"page110.html","2008-02-22","CÓDIGOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CÓDIGOS CODES Nota alcance: Conjunto sistematizado de disposiciones legales relativas a un asunto o a una rama del derecho. Fuente: Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribre de Información en Ciencias de la Salud (BIREME). Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud - DeCS (2007). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[15]=new Array(16,"page111.html","2008-02-22","CÓDIGOS DE CONSTRUCCIÓN","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CÓDIGOS DE CONSTRUCCIÓN BUILDING CODES Nota alcance: Normas y reglamentos para la construcción, elaborados para evitar la posibilidad de incendios, accidentes en la red eléctrica, etc. Fuente: Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribre de Información en Ciencias de la Salud (BIREME). Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud - DeCS (2007). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[16]=new Array(17,"page113.html","2008-02-22","COLAPSO DEL SUELO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio COLAPSO DEL SUELO SOIL COLLAPSE Nota alcance: Falla o hundimiento en una zona, ya sea por defecto de su propia carga o de una carga ajena. Fuente: Material IV Glosarios de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[17]=new Array(18,"page114.html","2008-02-22","COMITÉS ASESORES TÉCNICOS ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio COMITÉS ASESORES TÉCNICOS Nota alcance: Los Comités Asesores Técnicos son equipos interdisciplinarios, integrados por representantes de instituciones públicas que tienen áreas de trabajo afines. Como órganos especializados, cumplen una función asesora y de enlace para el desarrollo de actividades orientadas a prevenir, mitigar y coordinar la atención de las emergencias. Estos comités pueden crearse o desaparecer, según las necesidades que en un momento dado tenga el país de ellos. Fuente: Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias de Costa Rica. Comité Regional de Emergencias (CRE). Recurso en línea extraído el 25 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[18]=new Array(19,"Page115.html","2008-02-22","COMITÉ DE EMERGENCIAS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio COMITÉ DE EMERGENCIAS Nota alcance: Es la estructura responsable de coordinar la ejecución de las actividades antes, durante y después de una emergencia o desastre. La creación y funcionamiento del Comité de Emergencia debe contar con la aprobación y apoyo de la máxima jerarquía del centro del trabajo para garantizar el cumplimiento y la efectividad de sus tareas. Asímismo, las personas que lo integren deben tener poder de decisión y aptitudes que las hagan idóneas para ocupar estos cargos. Fuente: Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Comité operativo de emergencias. Información general. Recurso en línea extraído el 25 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[19]=new Array(20,"page116.html","2008-02-22","COMITÉS LOCALES DE EMERGENCIA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio COMITÉS LOCALES DE EMERGENCIA LOCAL COMMITTES FOR EMERGENCIES Nota alcance: Grupos conformados por funcionarios institucionales y personas representantes de organizaciones civiles, con poder de decisión y convocatoria, responsables de conducir los procesos de planificación, organización y respuesta ante situaciones de emergencia o desastre. Además de labores de atención de emergencias, también llevan a cabo labores preventivas. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[20]=new Array(21,"page117.html","2008-02-22","COMUNICACIÓN SOCIAL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio COMUNICACIÓN SOCIAL SOCIAL COMMUNICATION Nota alcance: Función del subprograma de auxilio que consiste en brindar información y apoyo oportuno a la población y a las instituciones, canalizando coordinadamente la participación social, creando confianza en la población, reduciendo la ansiedad, diluyendo los rumores y proporcionando un servicio de comunicación suplementario. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[21]=new Array(22,"page118.html","2008-02-22","COMUNIDAD","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio COMUNIDAD COMMUNITY Nota alcance: Grupo específico de personas que a menudo viven en una zona geográfica definida, comparten la misma cultura, valores y normas y están organizadas en una estructura social conforme al tipo de relaciones que la comunidad ha desarrollado a lo largo del tiempo. Fuente: Nutbeam Don. Glosario de Promoción de la Salud. Centro Colaborador de Promoción de la Salud, Departamento de Salud Pública y Medicina Comunitaria, Universidad de Sydney, Australia. OMS. Ginebra, 1998. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[22]=new Array(23,"page119.html","2008-02-22","COMUNIDADES VULNERABLES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio COMUNIDADES VULNERABLES VULNERABLE GROUP Nota alcance: Una sección de la población, especialmente infantes, embarazadas y madres lactantes, ancianos e indigentes, que están propensos a enfermedades y deficiencias nutricionales. Ellos estas expuestos a sufrir más en un desastre. Fuente: Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Diccionario Multilingüe de Desastres, Medicina y Relieve Internacional, 1990. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[23]=new Array(24,"page12.html","2008-02-22","AGENCIAS VOLUNTARIAS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio AGENCIAS VOLUNTARIAS VOLUNTARY AGENCIES Nota alcance: Agencias no gubernamentales u organizaciones que existen en muchos países en el mundo. Algunas tienen personal entrenado para la prevención de desastres. Algunas están capacitadas para intervenir de manera local e internacional. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[24]=new Array(25,"page120.html","2008-02-22","CONCENTRACIÓN DEMOGRÃ�FICA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CONCENTRACIÓN DEMOGRÁFICA POPULATION CONCENTRATION Nota alcance: El establecimiento de una población en un territorio dado. Fuente: Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Diccionario Multilingüe de Desastres, Medicina y Relieve Internacional, 1990. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[25]=new Array(26,"page121.html","2008-02-22","CONDICIÓN DEL SUELO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CONDICIÓN DEL SUELO SOIL CONDITIONS Nota alcance: Condiciones de la tierra (contenido de humedad, desagregación, densidad, etc.) que pueden mitigar o intensificar los agentes de desastre, tales como sequía, inundaciones, o movimientos sísmicos. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[26]=new Array(27,"page122.html","2008-02-22","CONFLICTOS ARMANDOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CONFLICTOS ARMANDOS ARMED CONFLICTS Nota alcance: Condición de hostilidades en las que dos o más ejércitos están en guerra uno contra el otro. En una guerra moderna el ataque puede darse con armamento convencional, armas químicas y/o biológicas, o con armas nucleares. Fuente: Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Diccionario Multilingüe de Desastres, Medicina y Relieve Internacional, 1990. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[27]=new Array(28,"page123.html","2008-02-22","CONSTRUCCIÓN SOCIAL DEL RIESGO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CONSTRUCCIÓN SOCIAL DEL RIESGO Nota alcance: Se refiere a los procesos a través de los cuales la sociedad y los distintos agentes sociales contribuyen a la creación de contextos y entornos de riesgo. Esto ocurre por la transformación de eventos naturales en amenazas debido a la inadecuada ubicación de edificaciones e infraestructuras, producción y satisfactores de la vida etc.; por la transformación de recursos naturales en amenazas a través de procesos de degradación ambiental; o por la creación y consolidación de condiciones diversas de vulnerabilidad, las cuales potencian la acción negativa de las amenazas y eventos peligrosos. Fuente: Lavell, A. et al. (2003) Gestión Local de Riesgo: Nociones y Precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. CEPREDENAC, PNUD. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[28]=new Array(29,"page124.html","2008-02-22","CONSTRUCCIONES ANTISÃ�SMICAS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CONSTRUCCIONES ANTISÍSMICAS ASEISMIC BUILDING Nota alcance: Conjunto de estructuras construidas con el objeto de manejar el agua, cualquiera que sea su origen, con fines de aprovechamiento o defensa. Se clasifican en a) obras de aprovechamiento: 1. de abastecimiento de agua a poblaciones; 2. de riego; 3. de producción de fuerza motriz; 4. de entarquinamiento; 5. contra inundaciones y b) obras de retención de azolves. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[29]=new Array(30,"page126.html","2008-02-22","CRID - Vocabulario Controlado sobre Desastres","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CONSTRUCCIONES RESISTENTES AL FUEGO FIRE RESISTANT BUILDINGS Nota alcance: Tipo de construcción en la cual los elementos estructurales (muros de carga, columnas, trabes, losas, incluso muros, divisiones y canceles) son de material incombustible, con grados de resistencia al fuego de 3 a 4 horas, para elementos estructurales en edificios de un piso. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[30]=new Array(31,"page127.html","2008-02-22","CONTAMINACIÓN AMBIENTAL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CONTAMINACIÓN AMBIENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Nota alcance: Situación caracterizada por la presencia en el medio ambiente de uno o más elementos nocivos, en tal forma combinados que, atendiendo a sus características y duración, en mayor o menor medida causan un desequilibrio ecológico y dañan la salud y el bienestar del hombre, perjudicando también la flora, la fauna y los materiales expuestos a sus efectos. Fuente: Material IV Glosarios de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[31]=new Array(32,"page128.html","2008-02-22","CONTAMINACIÓN DEL AIRE","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CONTAMINACIÓN DEL AIRE AIR POLLUTION Nota alcance: Se considera que el aire esta contaminado cuando contiene impurezas en forma de humos, gas, vapores, cenizas, polvos, partículas en suspensión, bacterias patógenas, elementos químicos extraños y partículas radiactivas, durante lapsos prolongados y en cantidades que rebasen los grados de tolerancia permitidos, y que, además, resultan dañinos a la salud humana, a sus recursos o bienes. En el fenómeno -atendiendo al punto de vista de las causas que lo producen- existen dos aspectos fundamentales a considerar: las fuentes contaminantes y la capacidad de ventilación atmósferica del medio. Las fuentes contaminantes se clasifican en fijas, móviles y naturales. Las más importantes son: industrias, depósitos y almacenamientos; medios de transporte, actividades agrícolas, actividades domésticas y fuentes naturales. Fuente: Material IV Glosarios de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[32]=new Array(33,"page129.html","2008-02-22","CONTAMINANTES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CONTAMINANTES POLLUTANTS Nota alcance: Toda materia, sustancia o sus combinaciones, compuestos o derivados químicos y biológicos (humanos, gases, polvos, cenizas, bacterias, residuos, desperdicios y cualquier otro elemento), así como toda forma de energía (calor, radiactividad, ruido), que al entrar en contacto con el aire, el agua, el suelo o los alimentos, altera o modifica su composición y condiciona el equilibrio de su estado normal. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[33]=new Array(34,"page13.html","2008-02-22","AGENTE AFECTABLE","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio AGENTE AFECTABLE AFFECTABLE AGENT Nota alcance: Sistema compuesto por el hombre y su entorno físico, sobre el cual pueden obrar los efectos destructivos del agente perturbador o calamidad. Fuente: (Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992) Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[34]=new Array(35,"page130.html","2008-02-22","CONTINGENCIA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CONTINGENCIA Nota alcance: Estado de alerta ambiental. Estado en el cual se detectan concentraciones de contaminantes atmosféricos que se acercan a niveles en que pueden causar un daño a la salud o son un riesgo para la misma. Puede haber diferentes niveles de alerta, desde un aviso preliminar, hasta el que requiere de acciones de emergencia. Fuente: Martínez AP, Romieu I. Introducción al monitoreo atmosférico. Metepec: ECO; 1997.(ECO. Introducción al monitoreo atmosférico). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[35]=new Array(36,"page131.html","2008-02-22","CONTINUO (O PROCESO) DE RIESGO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CONTINUO (O PROCESO) DE RIESGO Nota alcance: Expresión de la naturaleza dinámica y cambiante del riesgo a lo largo del tiempo, en circunscripciones territoriales y sociales determinadas. Admite distintas fases o estadíos del riesgo, incluyendo: el riesgo producto de los procesos normales de cambio, desarrollo y evolución de la sociedad; del impacto de las crisis económicas y estructurales, y de los cambios rápidos en las condiciones territoriales y tecnológicas de la producción; y, el riesgo resultado de la transformación rápida de los escenarios de riesgo existentes, a raíz del impacto de un fenómeno físico externo el cual se expresa en condiciones de agudizada inseguridad alimenticia, de albergue, de salud y nutrición, de seguridad pública y privada, de acceso a agua potable, etc. La Gestión del Riesgo opera en el contexto de este proceso o continuo del riesgo. Fuente: Lavell, A., Cardona O y Mansilla E. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), PNUD. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[36]=new Array(37,"page132.html","2008-02-22","CONTROL DE CRECIDAS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CONTROL DE CRECIDAS Nota alcance: Manejo de los recursos de agua a través de construcciones de diques, represas, etc., para evitar inundaciones. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[37]=new Array(38,"page133.html","2008-02-22","CONTROL DE ENFERMEDADES TRANSMISIBLES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CONTROL DE ENFERMEDADES TRANSMISIBLES COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL Nota alcance: Programas de vigilancia destinados a prevenir la transmisión de enfermedades por cualquier manera, sea de persona a persona o de animal al hombre (MeSH/NLM). Todas las políticas y medidas de precaución tomadas para prevenir brotes o propagación de enfermedades transmisibles. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[38]=new Array(39,"page134.html","2008-02-22","CONTROL VECTORIAL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CONTROL VECTORIAL VECTOR CONTROL Nota alcance: Medidas tomadas para disminuir el número de organismos portadores de enfermedades (vector) y disminuir el riesgo de la propagación de enfermedades infecciosas. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[39]=new Array(40,"page135.html","2008-02-22","COOPERACIÓN BILATERAL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio COOPERACIÓN BILATERAL Nota alcance: La cooperación bilateral es aquella en la que los gobiernos donantes canalizan sus fondos de cooperación al desarrollo directamente hacia los receptores, sean éstos los gobiernos de los países receptores u otras organizaciones. Fuente: Diccionario de Acción Humanitariany Cooperación al Desarrollo (200) Hegoa e Icara http://dicc.hegoa.efaber.net/ Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[40]=new Array(41,"page136.html","2008-02-22","COOPERACIÓN TÉCNICA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio COOPERACIÓN TÉCNICA TECHNICAL COOPERATION Nota alcance: Cooperación centrada en el intercambio de conocimientos técnicos y de gestión, con el fin de aumentar las capacidades de instituciones y personas para promover su propio desarrollo. Fuente: Diccionario de Acción Humanitariany Cooperación al Desarrollo (200) Hegoa e Icara http://dicc.hegoa.efaber.net/ Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[41]=new Array(42,"page137.html","2008-02-22","CORDILLERA MESO-OCEÃ�NICA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CORDILLERA MESO-OCEÁNICA MESO-OCEANIC MOUNTAIN CHAIN Nota alcance: Sistema montañoso de extensión mundial, por regla general sísmicamente activo, que se extiende a través de las grandes cuencas oceánicas. Este sistema está dividido longitudinalmente por una fractura llamada valle axial, donde, de acuerdo con la tectónica de placas, se origina el material nuevo de la corteza terrestre. Fuente: Material IV Glosarios de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[42]=new Array(43,"page138.html","2008-02-22","CRÃ�TER","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CRÁTER CRATER Nota alcance: Depresión que forma la parte superior de un conducto volcánico y por la que se emiten diferentes productos volcánicos como lava, gases y vapor de agua. Fuente: Asociación Iberoamericana de Organismos Gubernamentales de Defensa y Protección Civil (2004, Setiembre 13). Glosario de Términos Arce. Recurso en línea extraído el 23 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[43]=new Array(44,"page139.html","2008-02-22","CRECIDA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CRECIDA FLOOD Nota alcance: Aumento significante del nivel de agua de un curso de agua, lago, reserva o región costera. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992) Glosario multilingue de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra UN. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[44]=new Array(45,"page14.html","2008-02-22","AGENTE EXTINTOR","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio AGENTE EXTINTOR FIRE-EXTINGUISHER AGENT Nota alcance: Sustancia que, en estado sólido, líquido o gaseoso, al contacto con el fuego y en la cantidad adecuada, nulifica sus efectos, apagándolo. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[45]=new Array(46,"page140.html","2008-02-22","CRECIDA REPENTINA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CRECIDA REPENTINA FLASH FLOOD Nota alcance: Crecida de corta duración con un caudal máximo. Causa inundaciones y, por su naturaleza, es difícil de prever. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992) Glosario multilingue de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra UN. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[46]=new Array(47,"page141.html","2008-02-22","CUENCAS HIDROGRÃ�FICAS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio CUENCAS HIDROGRÁFICAS HYDROGRAPHIC BASINS Nota alcance: Área de terreno que drena agua en un arroyo, río, lago, pantano, bahía o un acuífero subterráneo. El agua proveniente de lluvias y riego que corre por la superficie del suelo (lo que se denomina agua de escurrimiento) desemboca en desagües pluviales, arroyos y ríos. Las cuencas hidrográficas son algo más que solo áreas de desagüe en o alrededor de nuestras comunidades. Son necesarias para dar apoyo al hábitat para plantas y animales y proporcionan agua potable para la personas y la vida silvestre. También nos proporcionan la oportunidad de divertirnos y disfrutar la naturaleza. Fuente: La campaña de la protección de las cuencas hidrográficas (2006). Todo acerca de las cuencas hidrográficas. Recurso en línea extraído el 22 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[47]=new Array(48,"page142.html","2008-02-22","DAMNIFICADO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DAMNIFICADO Nota alcance: Persona afectada parcial o íntegramente por una emergencia o desastre y que ha sufrido daños o perjuiciso graves a su salud o en sus bienes, en forma total o parcial, permanente o temporalmente, por lo que recibe refugio y ayuda humanitaria temporales. No tiene capacidad propia para recuperar el estado de sus bienes y patrimonio. Fuente: SINADECI, Terminología de Defensa Civil Peruano. INDECI, 2005. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[48]=new Array(49,"page143.html","2008-02-22","DECLARACIÓN DE EMERGENCIA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DECLARACIÓN DE EMERGENCIA DECLARATION OF EMERGENCY Nota alcance: Proclamación oficial de un estado de emergencia después de ocurrida una calamidad a gran escala, con el propósito de activar las medidas tendientes a reducir el impacto del desastre. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992) Glosario multilingue de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra UN. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[49]=new Array(50,"page144.html","2008-02-22","DECRETO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DECRETO DECREE Nota alcance: Decisión de un gobernante o de una autoridad, o de un tribunal o juez, sobre la materia o negocio en que tengan competencia. Fuente: Diccionario de la Real Academia Española. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[50]=new Array(51,"page145.html","2008-02-22","DEFENSA CIVIL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DEFENSA CIVIL CIVIL DEFENSE Nota alcance: Sistema de medidas, usualmente ejecutadas por una agencia del gobierno, para proteger a la población civil en tiempo de guerra, responder a desastres y prevenir y mitigar las consecuencias de un desastre mayor en tiempos de paz. Fuente: Asociación Iberoamericana de Organismos Gubernamentales de Defensa y Protección Civil. (2004, Septiembre 13) Glosario de Términos Arce. Recurso en línea recuperado el 8 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[51]=new Array(52,"page146.html","2008-02-22","DEGRADACIÓN (DETERIORO) AMBIENTAL ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DEGRADACIÓN (DETERIORO) AMBIENTAL Nota alcance: Procesos inducidos por acciones y actividades humanas que dañan la base de recursos naturales o que afectan de manera adversa procesos naturales y ecosistemas, reduciendo su calidad y productividad. Los efectos potenciales son variados e incluyen la transformación de recursos en amenazas de tipo socio-natural. La degradación ambiental puede ser la causa de una pérdida de resiliencia de los ecosistemas y del ambiente natural, la cual los hace más propensos a sufrir impactos y transformaciones con la ocurrencia de un fenómeno físico peligroso. La pérdida de resiliencia puede generar nuevas amenazas de tipo socio-natural. Algunos ejemplos incluyen la degradación del suelo y erosión; deforestación; desertificación; contaminación de aire, tierra y agua; corte de manglares en zonas costeras. Fuente: Lavell, A., et al (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), PNUD. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[52]=new Array(53,"page147.html","2008-02-22","DELIMITACIÓN DE LAS Ã�REAS DE RIESGO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DELIMITACIÓN DE LAS ÁREAS DE RIESGO RISK AREAS DELIMITATION Nota alcance: Especificación de las áreas susceptibles de ser alcanzadas por el fenómeno destructivo, en función de su tipo y naturaleza; existen tres áreas perfectamente delimitadas. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[53]=new Array(54,"page148.html","2008-02-22","DEPRESIÓN DEL SUELO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DEPRESIÓN DEL SUELO SOIL DEPRESSION Nota alcance: Área o porción de terreno situado bajo el nivel del mar, o bajo el nivel de regiones vecinas. Las primeras son denominadas depresiones absolutas y las segundas depresiones relativas. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[54]=new Array(55,"page149.html","2008-02-22","DEPRESIÓN TROPICAL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DEPRESIÓN TROPICAL TROPICAL DEPRESSION Nota alcance: Sistemas organizados de tormentas con un circulación superficial definida y vientos sostenidos máximos de hasta 17 metros por segundo (33 nudos, 38 millas/h o 62 km/h). No posee ojo y normalmente tampoco presentan la típica forma de espiral de las tormentas más fuertes. Fuente: Wikimeda Foundation. (2006). Cambio climático. Wikipedia Enciclopedia Libre. Recurso en línea recuperado el 8 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[55]=new Array(56,"page15.html","2008-02-22","AGLOMERACIÓN URBANA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio AGLOMERACIÓN URBANA CONURBATION Nota alcance: El sistema polivalente compuesto por una ciudad y sus extensiones, con los suburbios, shopping centers, estación, espacios verdes, etc. Fuente: Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Multilingual Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and International Relief, 1990. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[56]=new Array(57,"page150.html","2008-02-22","DERECHO HUMANITARIO INTERNACIONAL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DERECHO HUMANITARIO INTERNACIONAL INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW Nota alcance: Legislación humanitaria constituida principalmente por las cuatro Convenciones de Ginebra (1949) y los dos Protocolos Adicionales (1977), intimamente asociados con las responsabilidades del Comité Internacional de la Cruz Roja. Su propósito principal es el brindar protección y asistencia a las víctimas de conflictos armados. Humanitarian legislation comprised mainly of the four Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977), intimately associated with the responsibilities of the International Committee of the Red Cross and of the National Red Cross or Red Crescent Societies. Its main purpose is to provide protection and assistance to victims of armed conflict. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992) Glosario multilingue de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra UN. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[57]=new Array(58,"page151.html","2008-02-22","DERRAME DE MATERIALES PELIGROSOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DERRAME DE MATERIALES PELIGROSOS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILL . Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[58]=new Array(59,"page152.html","2008-02-22","DESARROLLO REGIONAL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DESARROLLO REGIONAL REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT Nota alcance: Orientación de las políticas del Estado conducente a propiciar que las orientaciones del desarrollo nacional se decidan y se ejecuten en el marco regional, considerando elementos de actividad productiva, patrones culturales y contemplando la participación de los actores, bajo un concepto de descentralización de los recursos y de las decisiones. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[59]=new Array(60,"page153.html","2008-02-22","DESARROLLO RURAL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DESARROLLO RURAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT Nota alcance: Estudio y aplicación de medidas que visan, dentro de un ambiente rural, a la mejor utilización de los recursos naturales en función de las necesidades de la población y dentro del ámbito de una política ambiental. Fuente: Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Multilingual Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and International Relief, 1990. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[60]=new Array(61,"page154.html","2008-02-22","DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Nota alcance: Proceso de transformaciones naturales, económico-sociales, culturales e institucionales, que tienen por objeto un aumento acumulativo y durable en la cantidad y calidad de bienes, servicios y recursos, unidos a cambios sociales tendientes a mejorar de forma equitativa la seguridad, calidad y condiciones de la vida humana, sin deteriorar el ambiente natural ni comprometer las bases de un desarrollo similar para las futuras generaciones. Fuente: Lavell, A., et al (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), PNUD. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[61]=new Array(62,"page155.html","2008-02-22","DESASTRE","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DESASTRE DISASTER Nota alcance: Situación o proceso social que se desencadena como resultado de la manifestación de un fenómeno de origen natural, socio-natural o antrópico que, al encontrar condiciones propicias de vulnerabilidad en una población y en su estructura productiva e infraestructura, causa alteraciones intensas, graves y extendidas en las condiciones normales de funcionamiento del país, región, zona o comunidad afectada, las cuales, en muchos casos, no pueden ser enfrentadas o resueltas de manera autónoma utilizando los recursos disponibles a la unidad social directamente afectada. Estas alteraciones están representadas de forma diversa y diferenciada, entre otras cosas, por la pérdida de vida y salud de la población; la destrucción, pérdida o inutilización total o parcial de bienes de la colectividad y de los individuos, así como daños severos en el ambiente; requiriendo de una respuesta inmediata de las autoridades y de la población para atender a los afectados y reestablecer umbrales aceptables de bienestar y oportunidades de vida. Fuente: Lavell, A., et al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), PNUD. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",5);arrFiles[62]=new Array(63,"page156.html","2008-02-22","DESASTRES TECNOLÓGICOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DESASTRES TECNOLÓGICOS TECHNOLOGICAL DISASTERS Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[63]=new Array(64,"page157.html","2008-02-22","DESASTRES TECNOLÓGICOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DESASTRES TECNOLÓGICOS RAPPEL DESCENT Nota alcance: Técnica de descenso usada en alpinismo o en rescate, consistente en el deslizamiento vertical, rápido, a lo largo de una cuerda pendiente en lo alto de una pared, montaña, acantilado, etc. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[64]=new Array(65,"page158.html","2008-02-22","DESCENSO TIROLÉS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DESCENSO TIROLÉS TYROLESE DESCENT Nota alcance: Deslizamiento de una persona por medio de una cuerda que se tira en forma diagonal. Usualmente este sistema se usa con una corredera a la que se puede colocar una camilla tipo canastilla. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[65]=new Array(66,"page159.html","2008-02-22","DESCONTAMINAR","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DESCONTAMINAR DESCONTAMINATION Nota alcance: Someter a tratamiento lo que esta contaminado, a fin de que pierda sus propiedades nocivas. Fuente: Real Academia Española. (1992). Diccionario de la lengua española (21 ed.). Madrid: Espasa-Calpe. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[66]=new Array(67,"page16.html","2008-02-22","AGUA POTABLE","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio AGUA POTABLE DRINKING WATER Nota alcance: Aquella que es apta para el consumo humano y cuya ingestión no tendrá efectos nocivos para la salud. En cada país, las autoridades establecen las especificaciones que debe cumplir este tipo de agua. La Organización Mundial de la Salud también hace periódicamente recomendaciones al respecto. Fuente: Albert LA, López Moreno, S, Flores J. Diccionario de la contaminación. México DF: Centro de Ecología y Desarrollo; 1994. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[67]=new Array(68,"page160.html","2008-02-22","DESEQUILIBRIO ECOLÓGICO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DESEQUILIBRIO ECOLÓGICO ECOLOGICAL DISORDER Nota alcance: Alteración de las relaciones de interdependencia entre los elementos naturales que conforman el ambiente, que afecta negativamente la existencia, transformación y desarrollo del hombre y de los demás seres vivos. Fuente: Material IV Glosarios de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[68]=new Array(69,"page161.html","2008-02-22","DESERTIFICACIÓN","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DESERTIFICACIÓN Nota alcance: Se entiende la degradación de las tierras de zonas áridas, semiáridas y subhúmedas secas resultante de diversos factores, tales como variaciones climáticas y las actividades humanas. Fuente: Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable. Glosario. Recurso en línea extraído el 24 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[69]=new Array(70,"page162.html","2008-02-22","DESLIZAMIENTOS DE TIERRA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DESLIZAMIENTOS DE TIERRA LANDSLIDES Nota alcance: Comúnmente se refiere a toda clase de movimientos a lo largo de una pendiente bajo la influencia gravitacional. En sentido estricto, se refiere al movimiento pendiente debajo de una masa de roca o tierra a lo largo de una o varias pendientes. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992) Glosario multilingue de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra UN. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[70]=new Array(71,"page163.html","2008-02-22","DESPRENDIMIENTO DE ROCAS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DESPRENDIMIENTO DE ROCAS ROCKFALL Nota alcance: Caída o movimiento que precipita la separación de segmentos nuevos de un lecho de rocas de cualquier tamaño de una pared y otra pendiente bien inclinada. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992) Glosario multilingue de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra UN. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[71]=new Array(72,"page164.html","2008-02-22","DESTRUCCIÓN DE EDIFICACIONES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DESTRUCCIÓN DE EDIFICACIONES BUILDINGS DESTRUCTION Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[72]=new Array(73,"page165.html","2008-02-22","DIQUE","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DIQUE DYKES Nota alcance: Muro o construcción para contener las aguas. Fuente: Diccionario de la Lengua Española (22 ed.) http://www.rae.es/ Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[73]=new Array(74,"page166.html","2008-02-22","DOMO ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DOMO DOME Nota alcance: Cuerpo de lava viscosa que se ubica en la parte superior del conducto volcánico. Éste presenta laderas empinadas y una cima en forma de loma. Fuente: Asociación Iberoamericana de Organismos Gubernamentales de Defensa y Protección Civil (2004, Setiembre 13). Glosario de Términos Arce. Recurso en línea extraído el 23 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[74]=new Array(75,"page167.html","2008-02-22","DRAGADO ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio DRAGADO Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[75]=new Array(76,"page168.html","2008-02-22","ECOSISTEMA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ECOSISTEMA ECOSYSTEM Nota alcance: Es la comunidad y el medio abiótico que le sirve de soporte y que actúan como una unidad. Como sistema está formado por el conjunto de todos los seres vivos (la biocenosis) y el ambiente no vivo (el biotipo) que los rodea, más las relaciones que se establecen entre ellos. Dicho de otra manera: un ecosistema está constituido de múltiples biotipos y biocenosis. El concepto de ecosistema es adimensional y multiescalar. Es decir, sus límites dependen del problema o fenómeno en estudio. Así, podemos considerar como ecosistema a la zona costera intermareal y también al planeta completo. Usualmente se les confina dentro de los límites o zonas geográficas con ciertas características climáticas definidas (biomas). Sus límites son abiertos y se encuentran interconectados, por lo tanto, lo que ocurre en una parte de él afecta al conjunto. Fuente: Asociación Iberoamericana de Organismos Gubernamentales de Defensa y Protección Civil (2004, Setiembre 13). Glosario de Términos Arce. Recurso en línea extraído el 23 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[76]=new Array(77,"page169.html","2008-02-22","EDIFICACIONES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EDIFICACIONES BUILDINGS Nota alcance: Obras o casas construídas para habitación o para usos análogos. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[77]=new Array(78,"page17.html","2008-02-22","AGUACEROS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio AGUACEROS DOWNPOUR Nota alcance: Lluvia repentina, abundante, impetuosa y de poca duración. Fuente: Diccionario de la Lengua Española (22 ed.) http://www.rae.es/ Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[78]=new Array(79,"page170.html","2008-02-22","EDUCACIÓN EN DESASTRES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EDUCACIÓN EN DESASTRES EDUCATION IN DISASTERS Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[79]=new Array(80,"page171.html","2008-02-22","EDUCACIÓN PREESCOLAR","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EDUCACIÓN PREESCOLAR PRESCHOOL EDUCATION Nota alcance: Ciclo de estudios previos a la educación general básica establecida en muchas partes del mundo. En algunos lugares es parte del sistema formal de educación y en otros como un centro de cuidado o guardería. La edad de los niños que asisten se sitúa entre los 3 y los 6 años. Aprenden la forma de comunicarse, jugar e interactuar con los demás apropiadamente. Fuente: Wikimeda Foundation. (2006). Educación. Wikipedia Enciclopedia Libre. Recurso en línea recuperado el 8 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[80]=new Array(81,"page172.html","2008-02-22","EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA PRIMARY EDUCATION Nota alcance: Es la que asegura la correcta alfabetización, es decir, la que enseña a leer, escribir, cálculo básico y algunos de los conceptos culturales considerados imprescindibles. Su finalidad es proporcionar a todos los alumnos una formación común que haga posible el desarrollo de las capacidades individuales motrices, de equilibrio personal, de relación y de actuación social con la adquisición de los elementos básicos culturales, los aprendizajes relativos mencionados anteriormente. Fuente: Wikimeda Foundation. (2006). Educación. Wikipedia Enciclopedia Libre. Recurso en línea r ecuperado el 8 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[81]=new Array(82,"page173.html","2008-02-22","EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA SECONDARY EDUCATION Nota alcance: Es la que tiene como objetivo capacitar al alumno para proseguir estudios superiores o bien para incorporarse al mundo laboral. Al terminar la educación secundaria se pretende que el alumno desarrolle las suficientes habilidades, valores y actitudes para lograr un buen desenvolvimiento en la sociedad. Fuente: Wikimeda Foundation. (2006). Educación. Wikipedia Enciclopedia Libre. Recurso en línea recuperado el 8 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[82]=new Array(83,"page174.html","2008-02-22","EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR HIGHER EDUCATION Nota alcance: Se refiere al proceso, los centros y las instituciones educacionales que están después de la educación secundaria o media. En ella se puede obtener un título superior. Por lo general, el requisito de ingreso a cualquier centro de enseñanza superior es tener 18 años como mínimo, lo que supone que se han completado la educación primaria y la educación secundaria antes de ingresar. Fuente: Wikimeda Foundation. (2006). Educación. Wikipedia Enciclopedia Libre. Recurso en línea recuperado el 8 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[83]=new Array(84,"page175.html","2008-02-22","EFECTO INVERNADERO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EFECTO INVERNADERO GREENHOUSE EFFECT Nota alcance: Se denomina efecto de invernadero a la absorción en la atmósfera terrestre de las radiociones infrarrojas emitidas por la superficie, impidiendo que escapen al espacio exterior y aumentando, por tanto, la temperatura media del planeta. Este fenómeno evita que el calor del sol recibido por la tierra deje la atmósfera y vuelva al espacio, produciendo a escala planetaria un efecto similar al observado en un invernadero. Fuente: Wikimeda Foundation. (2006). Cambio climático. Wikipedia Enciclopedia Libre. Recurso en línea recuperado el 8 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[84]=new Array(85,"page176.html","2008-02-22","EFECTOS (IMPACTOS, PERDIDAS) (ECONÓMICOS Y SOCIALES) DIRECTOS ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EFECTOS (IMPACTOS, PERDIDAS) (ECONÓMICOS Y SOCIALES) DIRECTOS Nota alcance: Aquellos que mantienen relación de causalidad directa e inmediata con la ocurrencia de un fenómeno físico, representados usualmente por el impacto en las infraestructuras, sistemas productivos, bienes y acervos, servicios y ambiente, o por el impacto inmediato en las actividades sociales y económicas. Fuente: Lavell, A., et al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), PNUD. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[85]=new Array(86,"page177.html","2008-02-22","EFECTOS (IMPACTOS, PÉRDIDAS) (ECONÓMICOS Y SOCIALES) INDIRECTOS ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EFECTOS (IMPACTOS, PÉRDIDAS) (ECONÓMICOS Y SOCIALES) INDIRECTOS Nota alcance: Aquellos que mantienen relación de causalidad con los efectos directos, representados usualmente por impactos concatenados sobre las actividades económicas y sociales o sobre el ambiente. Normalmente los impactos indirectos cuantificados son los que tienen efectos adversos en términos sociales y económicos, por ejemplo, pérdidas de oportunidades productivas y de ingresos futuros, aumento en los niveles de pobreza, aumento en costos de transporte debido a la pérdida de caminos y puentes, etc. Sin embargo, también habrá casos de impactos positivos desde la perspectiva de individuos y empresas privadas quienes pueden beneficiarse de los impactos negativos en otros. Fuente: Lavell, A., et al (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), PNUD. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[86]=new Array(87,"page178.html","2008-02-22","EFECTOS DE LOS DESASTRES EN LA SALUD","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EFECTOS DE LOS DESASTRES EN LA SALUD HEALTH EFFECTS OF DISASTERS Nota alcance: Incluye efectos de radiación en la salud, cenizas volcánicas, contaminación del aire, control de calidad del aire, contaminación del agua industrial y accidente industrial. Problemas relacionados con el estrés con manifestaciones físicas de desenvolvimento corto o largo (ataque al corazón, aborto espontáneo). Excluye abastecimiento de agua, contaminación patógena, saneamiento, zoonosis, vectores y roedores portadores de enfermedades. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[87]=new Array(88,"page179.html","2008-02-22","EFECTOS DE LOS DESASTRES EN LAS EDIFICACIONES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EFECTOS DE LOS DESASTRES EN LAS EDIFICACIONES HEALTH EFFECTS ON BUILDINGS Nota alcance: Serie de daños causados por un desastre natural u ocasionado por el hombre a una construcción, llámese casa, edificio, oficina, etc. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[88]=new Array(89,"page18.html","2008-02-22","AISLAMIENTO SÃ�SMICO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio AISLAMIENTO SÍSMICO SEISMIC ISOLATION Nota alcance: Sistema usado para limitar las transferencias de fuertes movimientos de tierra a las estructuras. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[89]=new Array(90,"page180.html","2008-02-22","EJERCICIO DE SIMULACIÓN","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EJERCICIO DE SIMULACIÓN SIMULATION EXERCISE Nota alcance: Ejercicio para toma de decisiones y adiestramiento en desastres dentro de una comunidad amenazada, con el fin de representar situaciones de desastre para promover una coordinación más efectiva de respuesta, por parte de autoridades pertinentes y de la población. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[90]=new Array(91,"page181.html","2008-02-22","ELEMENTOS CON (EN BAJO) RIESGO ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ELEMENTOS CON (EN BAJO) RIESGO Nota alcance: Es el contexto social y material representado por las personas y por los recursos, producción, infraestructura, bienes y servicios, que pueden ser afectados directa o indirectamente por un fenómeno o evento físico, debido a la vulnerabilidad que experimentan. Corresponden a las actividades humanas, todos los sistemas realizados por el hombre tales como edificaciones, líneas vitales o infraestructura, centros de producción, servicios, la gente que los utiliza. Fuente: SINADECI, Terminología de Defensa Civil Peruano. INDECI, 2005. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[91]=new Array(92,"page182.html","2008-02-22","ELEMENTOS EXPUESTOS ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ELEMENTOS EXPUESTOS Nota alcance: Es el contexto social y material representado por las personas y por los recursos, producción, infraestructura, bienes y servicios, que pueden ser afectados directamente por un fenómeno físico. Fuente: Lavell, A., Cardona O y Mansilla E. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), PNUD. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[92]=new Array(93,"page183.html","2008-02-22","EMBALSE","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EMBALSE RESERVOIR Nota alcance: Gran depósito que se forma artificialmente, por lo común cerrando la boca de un valle mediante un dique o presa, y en el que se almacenan las aguas de un río o arroyo, a fin de utilizarlas en el riego de terrenos, en el abastecimiento de poblaciones, en la producción de energía eléctrica, etc. Fuente: Real Academia Española. (1992). Diccionario de la lengua española (21 ed.). Madrid:Espasa-Calpe. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[93]=new Array(94,"page184.html","2008-02-22","EMERGENCIA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EMERGENCIA EMERGENCY Nota alcance: Estado directamente relacionado con la ocurrencia de un fenómeno físico peligroso o por la inminencia del mismo, que requiere de una reacción inmediata y exige la atención de las instituciones del Estado, los medios de comunicación y de la comunidad en general. Cuando es inminente el evento, pueden presentarse confusión, desorden, incertidumbre y desorientación entre la población. La fase inmediata después del impacto es caracterizada por la alteración o interrupción intensa y grave de las condiciones normales de funcionamiento u operación de una comunidad, zona o región y las condiciones mínimas necesarias para la supervivencia y funcionamiento de la unidad social afectada. Constituye una fase o componente de una condición de desastre pero no es, per se, una noción sustitutiva de desastre. Puede haber condiciones de emergencia sin un desastre. Fuente: Lavell, A., et. al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), PNUD. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[94]=new Array(95,"page185.html","2008-02-22","EMERGENCIA COMPLEJA ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EMERGENCIA COMPLEJA COMPLEX EMERGENCY Nota alcance: Tipo de crisis humanitaria que ha proliferado desde el final de la Guerra Fría y que es causada por la combinación de diversos factores: el desmoronamiento de la economía formal y de las estructuras estatales, los conflictos civiles, las hambrunas, las crisis sanitarias y el éxodo de la población. Fuente: Diccionario de Acción Humanitarian y Cooperación al Desarrollo (2000) Hegoa e Icara http://dicc.hegoa.efaber.net/ Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[95]=new Array(96,"page186.html","2008-02-22","ENFERMERAS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ENFERMERAS NURSES Nota alcance: Profesionales calificados por educación en una facultad de enfermería acreditada y autorizado por ley estatal a profesión de enfermero de práctica. Ellos proporcionan servicios a pacientes que requieren la ayuda en el recuperar o el mantenimiento de su salud mental o física. Fuente: National Library of Medicine (NLM). Medical Subject Heading (2007). http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/ Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[96]=new Array(97,"page187.html","2008-02-22","EPIDEMIOLOGÃ�A EN DESASTRES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EPIDEMIOLOGÍA EN DESASTRES DISASTER EPIDEMIOLOGY Nota alcance: Disciplina médica que estudia la influencia de los factores, tales como estilo de vida, constitución biológica u otros determinantes personales o sociales en la incidencia, así como la distribución de enfermedades, que tengan relación con el desastre. Fuente: Material II - IDNDR, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[97]=new Array(98,"page188.html","2008-02-22","EQUIPO DE INSPECCIÓN DEL Ã�REA DE DESASTRE","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EQUIPO DE INSPECCIÓN DEL ÁREA DE DESASTRE DISASTER ARE SURVEY TEAM Nota alcance: Grupo que se desplaza al área después del desastre, para analizar la magnitud del daño hecho a la población y propiedades. Recomienda también tipos de respuesta apropiados. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[98]=new Array(99,"page189.html","2008-02-22","EQUIPOS HUMANOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EQUIPOS HUMANOS DISASTER TEAM Nota alcance: Grupos multidisciplinarios y multisectoriales de personas calificadas para evaluar un desastre y traer el socorro necesario. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[99]=new Array(100,"page19.html","2008-02-22","ALARMA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ALARMA ALARM Nota alcance: Último de los tres posibles estados de mando que se producen en la fase de emergencia del subprograma de auxilio (prealerta, alerta y alarma). Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[100]=new Array(101,"page190.html","2008-02-22","EQUIPOS Y SUMINISTROS EN DESASTRES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EQUIPOS Y SUMINISTROS EN DESASTRES EQUIPMENT SUPPLIES Nota alcance: Instrumental y accesorios médicos destinados a sustentar el diagnóstico y la terapia de las personas afectadas por un desastre. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[101]=new Array(102,"page191.html","2008-02-22","EROSIÓN","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EROSIÓN EROSION Nota alcance: Se denomina erosión al transporte de partículas sedimentarias acumuladas en superficie por corrientes superficiales de agua, viento y procesos gravitatorios. Las partículas incluyen fragmentos de rocas creados por abrasión mecánica por la propia acción del viento, aguas superficiales, glaciares y expansión-contracción térmica por variaciones estacionales o diurnas. Suelos, los cuales son creados por la descomposición química de las rocas mediante la acción combinada de ácidos débiles disueltos en agua superficial y meteórica, hidrólisis, ácidos orgánicos bacterias, acción de plantas, etc. La erosión es uno de los principales actores del ciclo geográfico. Fuente: Wikimeda Foundation. (2006). Cambio climático. Wikipedia Enciclopedia Libre. Recurso en línea recuperado el 8 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[102]=new Array(103,"page192.html","2008-02-22","EROSIÓN ANTRÓPICA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EROSIÓN ANTRÓPICA ANTHROPIC EROSION Nota alcance: Erosión de tierra causada o acelerada por la excesiva deforestación, con la destrucción de la vegetación de la superficie, que provoca la degradación de las capas superiores del suelo. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[103]=new Array(104,"page193.html","2008-02-22","EROSIÓN CONTINENTAL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EROSIÓN CONTINENTAL CONTINENTAL EROSION Nota alcance: Desintegración, en todas las formas, del suelo a través de los efectos de los agentes atmosféricos: hielo, goteamiento, viento, variaciones de temperatura, reacciones químicas, cursos de agua. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[104]=new Array(105,"page194.html","2008-02-22","EROSIÓN DEL SUELO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EROSIÓN DEL SUELO SOIL EROSION Nota alcance: Desgaste de la superficie terrestre por agentes externos, como el agua o el viento. Muchas veces esta degradación también es producto de la actividad humana. Fuente: Diccionario de la Real Academia Española de la Lengua. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[105]=new Array(106,"page195.html","2008-02-22","EROSIÓN EÓLICA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EROSIÓN EÓLICA EOLIC EROSION Nota alcance: Erosión de la tierra debido a la acción del viento. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[106]=new Array(107,"page196.html","2008-02-22","ERUPCIONES VOLCÃ�NICAS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ERUPCIONES VOLCÁNICAS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS Nota alcance: Explosiones o emanaciones de lava, ceniza y gases tóxicos desde el interior de la Tierra a través de los volcanes. Se producen por el calentamiento del magma interior de la Tierra, el mismo que busca salir a través de los volcanes. Las erupciones volcánicas pueden provocar daños irreparables tales como la pérdida de vidas humanas. Algunas víctimas mueren por lesiones o quemaduras provocadas por los escombros de estructuras derrumbadas por las ondas sísmicas del volcán, o por la lava emanada. Otras perecen por inhalar gases venenosos y hasta hay personas que mueren por el intenso calor presente en el área del siniestro. Materialmente, las erupciones volcánicas son devastadoras, ya que pueden producir sismos, deslizamientos de tierra, incendios, y hasta tsunamis si la erupción ocurre cerca del mar. Si en su zona de influencia se encontrasen hospitales, centros de salud, escuelas, sistemas de agua y viviendas en general, podrían ser destruidos totalmente. Las cenizas pueden dañar los cultivos, contaminar el agua y la atmósfera por largo tiempo, llegando incluso a cambiar los patrones climáticos del área. Fuente: Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Centro Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo de Santa Fe de Argentina (2006). El ABC Desastres: erupciones volcánicas. Extraído el 22 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",5);arrFiles[107]=new Array(108,"page197.html","2008-02-22","ESCALA DE MERCALLI","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ESCALA DE MERCALLI MERCALLI SCALE Nota alcance: Escala de 12 puntos desarrollada para evaluar la intensidad de los terrenos a través de los daños causados a distintas estructuras. Debe su nombre al físico y geólogo italiano Giuseppe Mercalli (21 de mayo de 1850 - 19 de marzo de 1914) (Modificada en 1931 por Harry O. Wood y Frank Neuman). Se trata de una escala subjetiva de intensidad porque evalúa la percepción humana del sismo, y se expresa en números romanos para diferenciarla de la Escala de Richter (escala de magnitud). Los niveles bajos de la escala están asociados con la forma en que las personas sienten el temblor, mientras que los grados más altos se relacionan con el daño estructural observado. Fuente: Wikimeda Foundation. (2006). Wikipedia Enciclopedia Libre. Recurso en línea recuperado el 8 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[108]=new Array(109,"page198.html","2008-02-22","ESCALA DE RICHTER","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ESCALA DE RICHTER RICHTER SCALE Nota alcance: Indice de energía sísmica liberada por un terremoto (en contraste con intensidad, que describe sus efectos en un lugar particular). Inventada por C. F. Richter en 1935 en términos de movimiento que será medido en ciertos tipos de sismógrafos localizados a 100 km del epicentro del terremoto. Fuente: Material II - IDNDR, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[109]=new Array(110,"page199.html","2008-02-22","ESCENARIOS DE RIESGO ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ESCENARIOS DE RIESGO Nota alcance: Un análisis, presentado en forma escrita, cartográfica o diagramada, utilizando técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas, de las dimensiones del riesgo que afecta a territorios y grupos sociales determinados. Significa una consideración pormenorizada de las amenazas y vulnerabilidades y, como metodología, ofrece una base para la toma de decisiones sobre la intervención en reducción, revisión y control de riesgo. En su acepción más reciente implica también un paralelo entendimiento de los procesos sociales causales del riesgo y de los actores sociales que contribuyen a las condiciones de riesgo existentes. Con esto se supera la simple estimación de diferentes escenarios de consecuencias o efectos potenciales en un área geográfica que tipifica la noción más tradicional de escenarios en que los efectos o impactos económicos se registran sin noción de causalidades. Fuente: Lavell, A., Cardona O y Mansilla E. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), PNUD. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[110]=new Array(111,"page2.html","2008-02-22","ABERTAL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ABERTAL CRACKED Nota alcance: Terreno agrietado como consecuencia de la sequía. Fuente: Asociación Iberoamericana de Organismos Gubernamentales de Defensa y Protección Civil (2004, Setiembre 13). Glosario de Términos Arce. Extraído el 23 de mayo de 2006 desde recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[111]=new Array(112,"page20.html","2008-02-22","ALBERGADO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ALBERGADO LODGED Nota alcance: Persona que pernocta o vive en un albergue. Fuente: (Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[112]=new Array(113,"page200.html","2008-02-22","ESCUELAS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ESCUELAS SCHOOLS Nota alcance: Lugar, edificio o local donde se enseña y se aprende. Institución u organismo que tiene por objeto la educación. Fuente: Real Academia Española (RAE). (1992). Diccionario de la lengua española (21 ed.). Madrid: Espasa-Calpe. Consultado el 30 enero 2008. Wikimeda Foundation. (2006). Educación. Wikipedia Enciclopedia Libre. Recurso en línea recuperado el 8 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[113]=new Array(114,"page201.html","2008-02-22","ESTABILIDAD ATMOSFÉRICA ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ESTABILIDAD ATMOSFÉRICA ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY Nota alcance: Condición bajo la cual la atmósfera se opone a la generación y desarrollo de las corrientes verticales de aire. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[114]=new Array(115,"page202.html","2008-02-22","ESTACIÓN CLIMATOLÓGICA ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ESTACIÓN CLIMATOLÓGICA CLIMATOLOGIC STATION Nota alcance: Instalación hidráulica consistente en un conjunto de mecanismos y aparatos que registran y miden las características de una corriente. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[115]=new Array(116,"page203.html","2008-02-22","ESTACIÓN LLUVIOSA ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ESTACIÓN LLUVIOSA RAINY SEASON Nota alcance: Período de tiempo para definir el tiempo en que se presentan las lluvias en una zona. Fuente: InfoJardín. (2006) Glosario. Recurso en línea extraído el 19 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[116]=new Array(117,"page204.html","2008-02-22","ESTACIÓN SECA ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ESTACIÓN SECA DRY SEASON Nota alcance: En un clima tropical, periodo del año caracterizado por poca lluvia o ausencia. Fuente: Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Multilingual Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and International Relief, 1990. . Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[117]=new Array(118,"page205.html","2008-02-22","ESTIAJE","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ESTIAJE DRYNESS Nota alcance: Nivel más bajo o caudal mínimo que en ciertas épocas del año tienen las aguas de un río, estero, laguna, etc., por causa de la sequía. Período que dura este nivel. Fuente: Real Academia Española. (1992). Diccionario de la lengua española (21 ed.). Madrid: Espasa-Calpe. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[118]=new Array(119,"page206.html","2008-02-22","ESTRATOSFERA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ESTRATOSFERA STRATOSPHERE Nota alcance: La zona de aire atmosférico, encima de la troposfera, entre 10 y la altitud de 50 kilómetros, en la cual los cambios de temperaturas varían poco con la altura. Fuente: Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Multilingual Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and International Relief, 1990. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[119]=new Array(120,"page207.html","2008-02-22","ETAPAS DEL DESASTRE ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ETAPAS DEL DESASTRE DISASTER STAGES Nota alcance: Son las actividades específicas que se realizan en el antes, durante y despúes del desastre con el fin de facilitar una mejor definición y organización de las acciones que se deben realizar en todo el proceso. Incluye las siguientes: prevención, mitigación, preparación, alerta, atención, rehabilitación, reconstrucción. Fuente: Costa Rica. Comisión Nacional de Emergencia. El ciclo de los desastres, 1993. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[120]=new Array(121,"page208.html","2008-02-22","EVACUACIÓN","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EVACUACIÓN EVACUATION Nota alcance: Medida de seguridad para alejar a la población de la zona de peligro, en la cual debe preverse la colaboración de la población civil, de manera individual o en grupos. En su programación, el procedimiento de evacuación debe considerar, entre otros aspectos, el desarrollo de las misiones de salvamento, socorro y asistencia social; los medios, los itinerarios y las zonas de concentración o destino; la documentación del transporte para los niños; las instrucciones sobre el equipo familiar, además del esquema de regreso a sus hogares, una vez superada la situación de emergencia (Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992). Remoción de personas heridas del lugar del desastre para centros apropiados y remoción de muertos. Incluye el abandono de áreas propensas a desastres antes del impacto del mismo y el transporte aéreo de pacientes. Fuente: Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribre de Información en Ciencias de la Salud (BIREME). Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud - DeCS (2007). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[121]=new Array(122,"page209.html","2008-02-22","EVALUACIÓN (ANÃ�LISIS) DE AMENAZAS ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EVALUACIÓN (ANÁLISIS) DE AMENAZAS Nota alcance: Es el proceso mediante el cual se determina la posibilidad de que un fenómeno físico se manifieste, con un determinado grado de severidad, durante un período de tiempo definido y en un área determinada. Representa la recurrencia estimada y la ubicación geográfica de eventos probables. Fuente: Lavell, A., et al (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), PNUD. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[122]=new Array(123,"page21.html","2008-02-22","ALBERGUES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ALBERGUES REFUGE Nota alcance: Lugar físico destinado a prestar asilo, amparo, alojamiento y resguardo a personas ante la amenaza, inminencia u ocurrencia de un fenómeno destructivo. Generalmente es proporcionado en la etapa de auxilio. Los edificios y espacios publicos son communmente utilizados con la finalidad de ofrecer los servicios de albergue en casos de desastre. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[123]=new Array(124,"page210.html","2008-02-22","EVALUACIÓN (ANÃ�LISIS) DE LA VULNERABILIDAD ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EVALUACIÓN (ANÁLISIS) DE LA VULNERABILIDAD Nota alcance: Proceso mediante el cual se determina el grado de susceptibilidad y predisposición al daño o pérdida de un elemento o grupo de elementos económicos, sociales y humanos expuestos ante una amenaza particular, y los factores y contextos que pueden impedir o dificultar de manera importante la recuperación, rehabilitación y reconstrucción con los recursos disponibles en la unidad social afectada. Fuente: Lavell, A., et al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), PNUD. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[124]=new Array(125,"page211.html","2008-02-22","EVALUACIÓN (ANÃ�LISIS ) DEL RIESGO ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EVALUACIÓN (ANÁLISIS ) DEL RIESGO Nota alcance: En su forma más simple, es el postulado de que el riesgo resulta de relacionar la amenaza y la vulnerabilidad de los elementos expuestos, con el fin de determinar los posibles efectos y consecuencias sociales, económicas y ambientales asociadas a uno o varios fenómenos peligrosos en un territorio y con referencia a grupos o unidades sociales y económicas particulares. Cambios en uno o más de estos parámetros modifican el riesgo en sí mismo, es decir, el total de pérdidas esperadas y las consecuencias en un área determinada. Análisis de amenazas y de vulnerabilidades componen facetas del análisis de riesgo y deben estar articulados con este propósito y no comprender actividades separadas e independientes. Un análisis de vulnerabilidad es imposible sin un análisis de amenazas y viceversa. Fuente: Lavell, A., et al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), PNUD. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[125]=new Array(126,"page212.html","2008-02-22","EVALUACIÓN DE DAÑOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EVALUACIÓN DE DAÑOS DAMAGE ASSESSMENT Nota alcance: Estimación post impacto de daño físico traducido en pérdidas financieras y necesidades de auxilio (Repidisca/CEPIS). Función del subprograma de auxilio que consiste en desarrollar los mecanismos que permitan determinar la dimensión física y social de la catástrofe, la estimación de la pérdida de vidas humanas y bienes naturales, las necesidades que deben satisfacerse y la determinación de posibles riesgos (efectos o daños secundarios). Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[126]=new Array(127,"page213.html","2008-02-22","EVALUACIÓN DE DAÑOS EN LA INFRAESTRUCTURA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EVALUACIÓN DE DAÑOS EN LA INFRAESTRUCTURA DAMAGE ASSESSMENT IN INFRAESTRUCTURE Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[127]=new Array(128,"page214.html","2008-02-22","EVALUACIÓN DE DAÑOS EN EL SECTOR ECONÓMICO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EVALUACIÓN DE DAÑOS EN EL SECTOR ECONÓMICO DAMAGE ASSESSMENT IN THE ECONOMIC SECTOR Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[128]=new Array(129,"page215.html","2008-02-22","EVALUACIÓN DE DAÑOS EN EL SECTOR SOCIAL ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EVALUACIÓN DE DAÑOS EN EL SECTOR SOCIAL DAMAGE ASSESSMENT IN THE SOCIAL SECTOR Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[129]=new Array(130,"page216.html","2008-02-22","EXPLOSIÓN DEMOGRÃ�FICA (DESASTRES)","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio EXPLOSIÓN DEMOGRÁFICA (DESASTRES) POPULATION EXPLOSION (DISASTERS) Nota alcance: Crecimiento acelerado del número de habitantes de un determinado lugar o país. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[130]=new Array(131,"page217.html","2008-02-22","FACTORES SOCIOECONÓMICOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio FACTORES SOCIOECONÓMICOS SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS Nota alcance: Factor de riesgo que proviene de la organización social y afecta negativamente la posición socioeconómica de una persona (pérdida del empleo), y que puede causar una enfermedad o un traumatismo. Fuente: Blouin, M. & Bergeron, C. Dictionnaire de la réadaptation, tome 2: termes d \'intervention et d \'aides techniques, Québec, Les Publications du Québec, 1997. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[131]=new Array(132,"page218.html","2008-02-22","FALLA GEOLÓGICA ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio FALLA GEOLÓGICA GEOLOGICAL FAULT Nota alcance: Fractura plana o ligeramente curva en las capas superiores de la tierra, sobre las cuales ocurre el desplazamiento . Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[132]=new Array(133,"page219.html","2008-02-22","FENÓMENO (EVENTO) PELIGROSO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio FENÓMENO (EVENTO) PELIGROSO Nota alcance: Suceso natural, socio-natural o antrópico que se describe en términos de sus características, su severidad, ubicación y área de influencia. Es la materialización en el tiempo y el espacio de una amenaza. Es importante diferenciar entre un fenómeno potencial o latente que constituye una amenaza, y el fenómeno mismo, una vez que éste se presenta. Fuente: Lavell, A., et. al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), PNUD. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[133]=new Array(134,"page22.html","2008-02-22","ALERTA (AVISO)","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ALERTA (AVISO) ALERT Nota alcance: Estado anterior a la ocurrencia de un posible fenómeno peligroso que se declara con el fin de que los organismos de socorro activen procedimientos de acción preestablecidos y para que la población tome precauciones específicas debido a la inminente ocurrencia del evento previsible. Además de informar a la población del grado de peligro, los estados de alerta se declaran con el objeto de que la población y las instituciones adopten una acción específica ante la situación que se presenta. Fuente: Cardona, O. y Lavell, A. (2002). Conceptos y definiciones de relevancia en la gestión del riesgo. Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[134]=new Array(135,"page220.html","2008-02-22","FENÓMENO DE EL NIÑO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio FENÓMENO DE EL NIÑO EL NIÑO PHENOMENON Nota alcance: Es conocido también con el nombre científico de El Niño - Oscilación Sur y es un evento a gran escala que se extiende más allá del Pacífico Sur. El Fenómeno de El Niño es el aumento generalizado de la temperatura de la superficie del mar en gran parte del sector Oriental y Central del Pacífico Ecuatorial. Asímismo, una disminución de la presión atmosférica en el Pacífico Sur Oriental (costa de Sudamérica) y aumento en la región de Oceanía. Fuente: Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú. Estudio Nacional sobre Fenómeno El Niño (ENFEN). Recurso en línea extraído el 24 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[135]=new Array(136,"page221.html","2008-02-22","FENÓMENO DE LA NIÑA ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio FENÓMENO DE LA NIÑA LA NIÑA PHENOMENON Nota alcance: Es la fase negativa del fenómeno El Niño que se caracteriza por un significativo enfriamiento de la temperatura de la superficie del océano pacifico ecuatorial y por cambios en la dirección y velocidad del viento en la zona intertropical debido a variaciones de la presión atmosférica (Índices de Oscilación del Sur). Fuente: Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (INETER). Dirección General de Meteorología. El fenómeno de la Niña. Recurso en línea extraído el 30 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[136]=new Array(137,"page222.html","2008-02-22","FLUJO DE CENIZA ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio FLUJO DE CENIZA ASH FLOW Nota alcance: Flujos piroclásticos que incluyen una fase sólida compuesta en gran parte de cenizas y una fase líquida. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[137]=new Array(138,"page223.html","2008-02-22","FLUJO DE LAVA ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio FLUJO DE LAVA LAVA FLOW Nota alcance: Escurrimiento de roca fundida que fluye desde el cráter de una prominencia volcánica durante una erupción. En términos generales, el riesgo asociado a los flujos de lava está condicionado por su composición, por las pendientes sobre las cuales se mueve y por la velocidad de su emisión. Las temperaturas de los flujos de lava se encuentran generalmente en el rango de los 900 a los 1100 grados centígrados y sus velocidades de desplazamiento varían sobre rangos muy amplios. Las velocidades más comúnmente reportadas son del orden de 5 a 100 metros por hora, pero, excepcionalmente, se han observado flujos de 30 km/h (Mauna Loa). Los alcances máximos reportados son de 11 kilómetros para lava de bloques y de 45 kilómetros para lava del tipo phoehoe. Fuente: Asociación Iberoamericana de Organismos Gubernamentales de Defensa y Protección Civil. (2004, Septiembre 13). Glosario de Términos Arce. Recurso en línea extraido el 8 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[138]=new Array(139,"page224.html","2008-02-22","FLUJO PIROCLÃ�STICO ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio FLUJO PIROCLÁSTICO PYROCLASTIC FLOW Nota alcance: Mezclas de materiales volcánicos fragmentados y gases a altas temperaturas (de 300 a 1.200ºC) que generalmente se producen por colapso de la columna eruptiva que emerge de los cráteres durante un episodio de actividad volcánica. Las velocidades de los flujos piroclásticos han sido estimadas en un espectro quinético de entre 10 y 200 m/seg., siendo la velocidad más comúnmente registrada aquella que fluctúa alrededor de los 20 m/seg. La extensión de las áreas que suele afectar este tipo de flujos puede ser muy variable y asciende desde unos 70 hasta varios cientos de kilómetros cuadrados. Fuente: Asociación Iberoamericana de Organismos Gubernamentales de Defensa y Protección Civil. (2004, Septiembre 13) Glosario de Términos Arce. Recurso en línea extraido el 8 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[139]=new Array(140,"page225.html","2008-02-22","FLUJO DE LODO ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio FLUJO DE LODO MUDFLOW Nota alcance: Traslado montaña abajo de material terrestre fino mezclado con agua. Fuente: Asociación Iberoamericana de Organismos Gubernamentales de Defensa y Protección Civil. (2004, Septiembre 13) Glosario de Términos Arce. Recurso en línea extraido el 8 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[140]=new Array(141,"page226.html","2008-02-22","FOSA OCEÃ�NICA ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio FOSA OCEÁNICA OCEANIC TRENCH Nota alcance: Depresión oceánica profunda, formada por una depresión larga y angosta del fondo marino. Se encuentra generalmente en las márgenes continentales paralelas a la línea de costa y sus paredes tienen una pendiente pronunciada. Fuente: Departamento de Oceanografía Física. Glosario de términos oceanográficos (Oceanografía física). Recurso en línea extraido el 24 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[141]=new Array(142,"page227.html","2008-02-22","FREÃ�TICA (ERUPCIÓN) ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio FREÁTICA (ERUPCIÓN) Nota alcance: Explosión de vapor, agua y otros materiales, resultado del calentamiento del agua subterránea y de la acumulación de vapor en niveles bajo la superficie. Este tipo de erupción ocurre cuando el agua subterránea entra en contacto con rocas calientes en las cercanías de un cuerpo de magma. En este tipo de erupción el magma no se encuentra involucrado. Fuente: USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory. Glosario. Freática (erupción). Recurso en línea extraido el 24 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[142]=new Array(143,"page228.html","2008-02-22","FRECUENCIA SÃ�SMICA ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio FRECUENCIA SÍSMICA SEISMIC FREQUENCY Nota alcance: Número de temblores registrados en un región y en un período de tiempo determinado. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[143]=new Array(144,"page229.html","2008-02-22","FRENTE ATMOSFÉRICO ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio FRENTE ATMOSFÉRICO ATMOSPHERIC FRONT Nota alcance: La interfaz o zona de transición entre masas de aire de diferentes propiedades físicas (temperatura, humedad); línea de intersección en la superficie, que separa dos masas de aire usualmente con la tierra. Fuente: Departamento de Asunto Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario Multilingüe de términos convenidos Internacionalmente relativos a gestión de desastres. Ginebra. UN. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[144]=new Array(145,"page23.html","2008-02-22","ALERTA TEMPRANA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ALERTA TEMPRANA EARLY WARNING Nota alcance: Situación que se declara a través de instituciones, organizaciones e individuos responsables y previamente identificados, que permite la provisión de información adecuada, precisa y efectiva previa a la manifestación de un fenómeno peligroso en un área y tiempo determinado, con el fin de que los organismos operativos de emergencia activen procedimientos de acción preestablecidos y la población tome precauciones específicas para evitar o reducir el riesgo al cual está sujeta. Además de informar a la población acerca del peligro, los estados de alerta se declaran con el propósito de que la población y las instituciones adopten una acción específica ante la situación que se presenta. Fuente: Lavell, A et al, (2003) La Gestión Local del Riesgo: Nociones y Precisiones en torno al Concepto y la Práctica. CEPREDENAC-PNUD. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[145]=new Array(146,"page230.html","2008-02-22","FRENTE CALIENTE ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio FRENTE CALIENTE HOT FRONT Nota alcance: Fenómeno que se produce cuando una masa de aire de temperatura elavada avanza hacia latitudes menores y su borde delantero asciende sobre el aire más frío. Como resultado de ello, el aire caliente empuja suavemente y corre sobre el aire frío produciendo un extenso campo de nubes y precipitación. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[146]=new Array(147,"page231.html","2008-02-22","FRENTE FRÃ�O ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio FRENTE FRÍO COLD FRONT Nota alcance: Fenómeno hidrometeorológico que se produce cuando una masa de aire frío avanza hacia latitudes menores y su borde delantero se introduce como una cuña entre el suelo y el aire caliente. Esto origina el levantamiento del aire más caliente y, eventualmente, tormentas eléctricas y precipitación. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[147]=new Array(148,"page232.html","2008-02-22","FRENTE POLAR ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio FRENTE POLAR POLAR FRONT Nota alcance: Frente atmosférico casi permanente de gran extensión, en latitudes medias y que separa el aire polar del aire tropical. Fuente: Material II - IDNDR, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[148]=new Array(149,"page233.html","2008-02-22","FUMAROLA ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio FUMAROLA FUMAROLE Nota alcance: Emanación de gases y vapor de agua, generalmente a altas temperaturas, que salen de fracturas o grietas de la superficie de un volcán o de una zona con actividad volcánica. La mayor parte de los gases emitidos son vapor de agua, sin embargo se encuentran otros gases como CO2, CO, SO2, H2S, CH4, HCl, etc. Fuente: Departamento de Asunto Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario Multilingüe de términos convenidos Internacionalmente relativos a gestión de desastres. Ginebra. UN. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[149]=new Array(150,"page234.html","2008-02-22","GAVIONES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio GAVIONES Nota alcance: Muro de contención. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[150]=new Array(151,"page235.html","2008-02-22","GÉNERO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio GÉNERO GENDER Nota alcance: Categoría que subraya la construcción cultural de la diferencia sexual, esto es, el hecho de que las diferentes conductas, actividades y funciones de las mujeres y los hombres son culturalmente construidas, más que biológicamente determinadas. Fuente: Diccionario de Acción Humanitariany Cooperación al Desarrollo (200) Hegoa e Icara http://dicc.hegoa.efaber.net/. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[151]=new Array(152,"page236.html","2008-02-22","GEODESIA ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio GEODESIA GEODETICS Nota alcance: Técnica que se ocupa de la medición de la superficie terrestre y de la construcción de los mapas correspondientes. Es general si su objeto es la medición de toda la tierra, la determinación del campo de gravedad terrestre y la forma del geoide y particular si mide regiones o comarcas. Fuente: Diccionarios Rioduero : Geografía. Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Multilingual Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and International Relief, 1990. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[152]=new Array(153,"page237.html","2008-02-22","VULNERABILIDAD","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio VULNERABILIDAD VULNERABILITY Nota alcance: Factor de riesgo interno de un elemento o grupo de elementos expuestos a una amenaza. Corresponde a la predisposición o susceptibilidad física, económica, política o social que tiene una comunidad de ser afectada o de sufrir efectos adversos en caso de que se manifieste un fenómeno peligroso de origen natural, socio natural o antropogénico. Representa también las condiciones que imposibilitan o dificultan la recuperación autónoma posterior. Las diferencias de vulnerabilidad del contexto social y material expuesto ante un fenómeno peligroso determinan el carácter selectivo de la severidad de sus efectos. Sistema de condiciones y procesos resultantes de factores físicos, sociales, económicos y medioambientales que aumentan la susceptibilidad de una comunidad al impacto de los peligros. Fuente: Lavell, A., et. al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), PNUD. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[153]=new Array(154,"page238.html","2008-02-22","VULNERABILIDAD SOCIAL ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio VULNERABILIDAD SOCIAL SOCIAL VULNERABILITY Nota alcance: Grado de susceptibilidad o de riesgo a que está expuesta una población de sufrir daño ante un desastre natural. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[154]=new Array(155,"page239.html","2008-02-22","ZONA Ã�RIDA ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ZONA ÁRIDA ARID ZONE Nota alcance: Área en que los recursos hídricos, tanto subterráneos como de lluvia, son insuficientes para balancear la cantidad de agua que se pierde por evaporación. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[155]=new Array(156,"page24.html","2008-02-22","ALERTA EN DESASTRES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ALERTA EN DESASTRES DISASTER WARNING Nota alcance: Estudios de métodos de alerta a una comunidad de un desastre inminente. Incluye técnicas de educación para una respuesta exitosa. Fuente: Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Multilingual Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and International Relief, 1990. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[156]=new Array(157,"page240.html","2008-02-22","ZONA ASÃ�SMICA ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ZONA ASÍSMICA NONSEISMIC ZONE Nota alcance: Región relativamente exenta de sismos. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[157]=new Array(158,"page241.html","2008-02-22","ZONA CONTROLADA ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ZONA CONTROLADA CONTROLLED ZONE Nota alcance: Área sujeta a una supervisión y a una serie de controles especiales de protección debido a un riesgo. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[158]=new Array(159,"page242.html","2008-02-22","ZONA DE CONCENTRACIÓN DE VÃ�CTIMAS ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ZONA DE CONCENTRACIÓN DE VÍCTIMAS VICTIMS CONCENTRATION ZONE Nota alcance: Área generalmente vecina al foco de desastre, donde son emplazadas temporalmente las víctimas para proceder a su atención primaria. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[159]=new Array(160,"page243.html","2008-02-22","ZONA DE CONVERGENCIA INTERTROPICAL ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ZONA DE CONVERGENCIA INTERTROPICAL INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE Nota alcance: Franja de encuentro de los vientos alisios de ambos hemisferios, de ubicación variable a lo largo del año en relación con la intensidad y desplazamiento latitudinal de los máximos subtropicales. Fuente: Laboratorio Climatología. Instituto Universitario de Geografía. Vocabulario de términos de uso frecuente en climatología. Recurso en línea extraído el 24 de mayo de 2006. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[160]=new Array(161,"page244.html","2008-02-22","ZONA DE DESASTRE ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ZONA DE DESASTRE DISASTER ZONE Nota alcance: Area del sistema afectable (población y entorno) que por el impacto de una calamidad de origen natural o humano, sufre daños, fallas y deterioro en su estructura y funcionamiento normal. La extensión de la zona de desastre puede ser diversa, ejemplo, un barrio, una colonia, un pueblo, una ciudad o una región; varía de acuerdo con diferentes factores, entre ellos, el tipo de calamidad, la fuerza de ésta y su duración, la vulnerabilidad del sistema afectable, etc. Fuente: Diccionarios Rioduero : Geografía. Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Multilingual Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and International Relief, 1990. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[161]=new Array(162,"page245.html","2008-02-22","ZONA DE FRACTURA ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ZONA DE FRACTURA FRACTURE ZONE Nota alcance: Extensa área lineal del piso marino, de relieve irregular, caracterizada por la existencia de cordilleras, laderas escarpadas y depresiones. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[162]=new Array(163,"page246.html","2008-02-22","ZONA DE TRANSICIÓN ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ZONA DE TRANSICIÓN TRANSITION ZONE Nota alcance: Área donde confluyen dos corrientes opuestas que forman remolinos, surgencias o condiciones similares de turbulencia, ya sea vertical o horizontal. También recibe éste nombre la zona ubicada entre dos masas de agua de diferentes características físicas. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992 Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[163]=new Array(164,"page247.html","2008-02-22","ZONA DE TRIAJE","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ZONA DE TRIAJE TRIAGE ZONE Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[164]=new Array(165,"page248.html","2008-02-22","ZONA SÃ�SMICA ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ZONA SÍSMICA SEISMIC ZONE Nota alcance: Área dentro de la cual son similares los requerimientos de diseño, para grandes movimientos y de estructuras. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[165]=new Array(166,"page249.html","2008-02-22","ZONIFICACIÓN ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ZONIFICACIÓN ZONING Nota alcance: Por lo general, indica la subdivisión de un área geográfica, país, región, etc. en sectores homogéneos con respecto a ciertos criterios, como, por ejemplo, la intensidad de la amenaza, el grado de riesgo, requisitos en materia de protección contra una amenaza dada. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[166]=new Array(167,"page25.html","2008-02-22","ALERTA HIDROLÓGICA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ALERTA HIDROLÓGICA HYDROLOGICAL WARNING Nota alcance: Información de emergencia sobre un fenómeno hidrológico esperado que se considera peligroso. Fuente: Material II - IDNDR, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[167]=new Array(168,"page250.html","2008-02-22","GEOGRAFÃ�A","","","Contáctenos Inicio GEOGRAFÃ�A GEOGRAPHY Nota alcance: Ciencia que se ocupa de los fenómenos de la superficie terrestre en su vinculación con el espacio, sus diferenciaciones locales, sus cambios temporales y sus interralaciones causales. Se divide en general y regional. La primera estudia las leyes generales, las diferencias regionales tipificadas y las interrelaciones causales. La geografìa regional presenta el caracter específico de cada espacio mediante un análisis descriptivo y explicativo de todos sus componentes geográficos y de la síntesis de todos ellos. En resumen, el centro de las perspectivas geográficas actuales lo constituye el hombre. Fuente: Diccionarios Rioduero : Geografía. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[168]=new Array(169,"page251.html","2008-02-22","GEOLOGÃ�A","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio GEOLOGÍA GEOLOGY Nota alcance: Ciencia que estudia el origen, la evolución y el estado actual de la litosfera, que es la parte sólida de la superficie del globo terrestre. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[169]=new Array(170,"page252.html","2008-02-22","GEOMORFOLOGÃ�A","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio GEOMORFOLOGÍA GEOMORPHOLOGY Nota alcance: Ciencia que estudia las formas del relieve del suelo, basándose en el origen, estructura y naturaleza de las rocas, en el clima de la región y en los factores que actuan en la constitución y destrucción del relieve del suelo. Fuente: Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Multilingual Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and International Relief, 1990. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[170]=new Array(171,"page253.html","2008-02-22","GEOTERMIA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio GEOTERMIA GEOTHERMAL Nota alcance: Aprovechamiento de energía a partir del vapor de agua que se encuentra bajo la corteza terrestre. Es una alternativa para generar electricidad. Calor interno de la tierra que es utilizado para la generación de energía. Fuente: Diccionario Larousse Cultural, 1998. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[171]=new Array(172,"page254.html","2008-02-22","GESTIÓN CORRECTIVA DEL RIESGO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio GESTIÓN CORRECTIVA DEL RIESGO Nota alcance: Un proceso que pretende reducir los niveles de riesgo existentes en la sociedad o en un subcomponente de la sociedad, producto de procesos históricos de ocupación del territorio, de fomento a la producción y la construcción de infraestructuras y edificaciones entre otras cosas. Reacciona y compensa riesgo ya construido en la sociedad. Ejemplos de acciones o instrumentos de la gestión correctiva incluyen la construcción de diques para proteger poblaciones ubicadas en la zonas de inundación, la reestructuración de edificios para dotarlos de niveles adecuados de protección sismo resistente o contra huracanes, cambios en el patrón de cultivos para adecuarse a condiciones ambientales adversas, reforestación o recuperación de cuencas para disminuir procesos de erosión, deplazamiento de actores sociales de distintas jurisdicciones territoriales- internacionales, nacionales, regionales o locales. Fuente: Lavell, A., et. al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",5);arrFiles[172]=new Array(173,"page255.html","2008-02-22","GESTIÓN DE RIESGOS(DE DESASTRE)","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio GESTIÓN DE RIESGOS(DE DESASTRE) Nota alcance: De forma más explícita, la Gestión de la Reducción, Previsión y Control del Riesgo de Desastre: Es un proceso social cuyo fin último es la reducción o la previsión y control permanente del riesgo de desastre en la sociedad, en consonancia con, e integrada al logro de pautas de desarrollo humano, económico, ambiental y territorial, sostenibles. En principio, admite distintos niveles de intervención que van desde lo global, integral, lo sectorial y lo macro-territorial hasta lo local, lo comunitario y lo familiar. Además, requiere de la existencia de sistemas o estructuras organizacionales e institucionales que representan estos niveles y que reúnen bajo modalidades de coordinación establecidas y con roles diferenciados acordados, aquellas instancias colectivas de representación social de los diferentes actores e intereses que juegan un papel en la construcción de riesgo y en su reducción, previsión y control. Fuente: Lavell, A., et. al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",5);arrFiles[173]=new Array(174,"page256.html","2008-02-22","GESTIÓN DE RIESGOS EN LOS NIVELES LOCALES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio GESTIÓN DE RIESGOS EN LOS NIVELES LOCALES Nota alcance: Hace referencia al proceso de reducción o previsión y control de riesgos manifiestos en los niveles locales. Tal proceso puede conducirse o lograrse con la participación de actores sociales de distintas jurisdicciones territoriales- internacionales, nacionales, regionales o locales. Fuente: Lavell, A., et. al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[174]=new Array(175,"page257.html","2008-02-22","GESTIÓN LOCAL DE RIESGOS DE DESASTRES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio GESTIÓN LOCAL DE RIESGOS DE DESASTRES Nota alcance: Obedeciendo a la lógica y las características de la Gestión del Riesgo definido genéricamente, la Gestión Local comprende un nivel territorial particular de intervención en que los parámetros específicos que lo definen se refieren a un proceso que es altamente participativo por parte de los actores sociales locales y apropiado por ellos, muchas veces en concertación y coordinación con actores externos de apoyo y técnicos. La Gestión Local como proceso es propio de los actores locales, lo cual lo distingue del proceso más general de gestión de riesgo en los niveles locales, cuya apropiación puede remitirse a distintos actores con identificación en distintos niveles territoriales pero con actuación en lo local. Fuente: Lavell, A., et. al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[175]=new Array(176,"page258.html","2008-02-22","GESTIÓN PROSPECTIVA DEL RIESGO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio GESTIÓN PROSPECTIVA DEL RIESGO Nota alcance: Un proceso a través del cual se prevé un riesgo que podría construirse asociado con nuevos procesos de desarrollo e inversión, tomando las medidas para garantizar que nuevas condiciones de riesgo no surjan con las iniciativas de construcción, producción, circulación, comercialización, etc. La gestión prospectiva debe verse como un componente integral de la planificación del desarrollo y del ciclo de planificación de nuevos proyectos, sean estos desarrollados por gobierno, sector privado o sociedad civil. El objetivo último de este tipo de gestión es evitar nuevos riesgos, garantizar adecuados niveles de sostenibilidad de las inversiones, y con esto, evitar tener que aplicar medidas costosas de gestión correctiva en el futuro. Fuente: Lavell, A., et. al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[176]=new Array(177,"page259.html","2008-02-22","GOBERNABILIDAD","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio GOBERNABILIDAD Nota alcance: Conjunto de factores estructurales y coyunturales que determinan la eficacia y la viabilidad de un sistema de gobierno en cualquiera de sus niveles. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[177]=new Array(178,"page26.html","2008-02-22","ALIMENTACIÓN DE EMERGENCIA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ALIMENTACIÓN DE EMERGENCIA EMERGENCY FEEDING Nota alcance: Alimentación de familias, individuos y comunidades que han perdido sus medios normales de abastecimiento, o que son incapaces de preparar sus propios alimentos a causa de un desastre natural o provocado por el hombre, v.g. epidemias de hambre, inundaciones, terremotos o guerras. Fuente: Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribre de Información en Ciencias de la Salud (BIREME). Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud - DeCS (2007). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[178]=new Array(179,"page260.html","2008-02-22","GOLPE DE MAR","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio GOLPE DE MAR SEA SURGE Nota alcance: Elevamiento en el nivel del mar que da como resultado la inundación de áreas a lo largo de la costa. Estos fenómenos son causados por el movimiento de corrientes marinas y oceánicas, vientos y tormentas mayores. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[179]=new Array(180,"page261.html","2008-02-22","GRANIZADA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio GRANIZADA HAIL STORM Nota alcance: Fenómeno meteorológico que consiste en la precipitación atmosférica de agua congelada en formas más o menos irregulares. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[180]=new Array(181,"page262.html","2008-02-22","GRANIZO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio GRANIZO HAIL Nota alcance: Es un tipo de precipitación que consiste en partículas irregulares de hielo. El granizo se produce en tormentas intensas en la que se producen gotas de agua sobreenfriadas, es decir, aún líquidas pero a temperaturas por debajo de su punto normal de congelación (0 C), y ocurre tanto en verano como en invierno aunque el caso de da más cuando está presente la canícula. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[181]=new Array(182,"page263.html","2008-02-22","HELADA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio HELADA FROST Nota alcance: Fenómeno hidrometeorológico producido por masas de aire polar con bajo contenido de humedad, cuando el aire alcanza temperaturas inferiores a los cero grados centígrados. Cuanto más baja sea la temperatura, más intensa resultará la helada. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992 Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[182]=new Array(183,"page264.html","2008-02-22","HIDROGRAFÍA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio HIDROGRAFÍA HYDROGRAPHY Nota alcance: La hidrografía es una rama de la geografía que se ocupa de la descripción y estudio sistemático de los diferentes cuerpos de agua planetarios, en especial, de las aguas continentales. Puede considerarse como una rama de la geografía física que se dedica, fundamentalmente, al estudio de las aguas continentales. Siendo el ser humano una especie terrestre, es lógico entender que la hidrografía se refiere muy especialmente a las aguas continentales, que son las más valiosas para los seres humanos. Aunque también las aguas oceánicas podrían estudiarse dentro de la Hidrografía lo más conveniente, por razones metodológicas, es el estudio de los océanos y mares dentro de la ciencia denominada Oceanografía mientras que los efectos de las aguas marinas sobre la línea de la costa (erosión y sedimentación costera, formación de barras, albuferas, etc.), quedarían dentro del campo de estudio de la geomorfología, específicamente, en la morfología litoral o morfología costera. Fuente: Wikimedia Foundation. (2006). Hidrografía. Wikipedia la Enciclopedia Libre. Recuperado el 4 de mayo de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",5);arrFiles[183]=new Array(184,"page265.html","2008-02-22","HIDROLOGÍA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio HIDROLOGÍA HYDROLOGY Nota alcance: Ciencia que estudia las aguas superficiales y subterráneas de la Tierra, y su aparición, circulación y distribución, tanto en el tiempo como en el espacio, sus propiedades biológicas, químicas y físicas, sus reacciones con el entorno, incluyendo su relación con los seres vivos. Estudia los procesos que rigen el agotamiento y recarga de los recursos hídricos continentales, y que trata las diversas fases del ciclo hidrológico. Fuente: Hubert, P. (2006). Glosario Hidrológico Internacional. Extraído el 19 de mayo de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[184]=new Array(185,"page266.html","2008-02-22","HUMEDAD DEL SUELO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio HUMEDAD DEL SUELO SOILL MOISTURE Nota alcance: Contenido de agua en la porción de tierra que está por encima del nivel freático, incluyendo el vapor de agua presente en los poros del suelo; en algunos casos se refiere estrictamente a la humedad dentro de la zona de las raíces de las plantas. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[185]=new Array(186,"page267.html","2008-02-22","HURACANES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio HURACANES HURRICANES Nota alcance: Es el más severo de los fenómenos meteorológicos conocidos como ciclones tropicales. Estos son sistemas de baja presión con actividad lluviosa y eléctrica cuyos vientos rotan antihorariamente (=en contra de las manecillas del reloj) en el hemisferio Norte. Un ciclón tropical con vientos menores o iguales a 62 km/h es llamado depresión tropical. Cuando los vientos alcanzan velocidades de 63 a 117 km/h se llama tormenta tropical y, al exceder los 118 km/h, la tormenta tropical se convierte en huracán. Fuente: Angelfire. (2005). Huracanes. Extraído el 19 de mayo 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[186]=new Array(187,"page268.html","2008-02-22","IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA EMERGENCIA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA EMERGENCIA EMERGENCY IDENTIFICATION Nota alcance: Primera etapa del proceso de emergencia que consiste en la percepción de la alteración del funcionamiento normal del sistema; la evaluación preliminar de la situación, el aviso y algunas veces, la toma de ciertas medidas correctivas. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[187]=new Array(188,"page269.html","2008-02-22","IDENTIFICACIÓN DE VÍCTIMAS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio IDENTIFICACIÓN DE VÍCTIMAS VICTIMS IDENTIFICATION Nota alcance: Técnicas utilizadas por los médicos forenses para la identificación de cuerpos después de un desastre. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[188]=new Array(189,"page27.html","2008-02-22","ALIMENTOS BÃ�SICOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ALIMENTOS BÁSICOS STAPLE FOOD Nota alcance: Comida que es usualmente consumida en un país o comunidad y de donde se obtiene una proporción sustancial del suministro total de calorías. Fuente: Material II - IDNDR, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[189]=new Array(190,"page270.html","2008-02-22","IGUALDAD DE GÉNERO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio IGUALDAD DE GÉNERO Nota alcance: Capacidad legal, social y política de mujeres y hombres para movilizar y gestionar todo tipo de recursos en condiciones igualitarias. Fuente: Diccionario de Acción Humanitariany Cooperación al Desarrollo (2000) Hegoa e Icara http://dicc.hegoa.efaber.net/ Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[190]=new Array(191,"page271.html","2008-02-22","IMPACTO AMBIENTAL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio IMPACTO AMBIENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Nota alcance: Alteración, cambio o modificación del medio ambiente provocado por las actividades humanas que pueden tener connotación positiva o negativa para el medio ambiente físico y el medio ambiente social (Repidisca). Modificación del ambiente ocasionada por la acción del hombre o de la naturaleza . Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[191]=new Array(192,"page272.html","2008-02-22","IMPACTO DE LOS DESASTRES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio IMPACTO DE LOS DESASTRES IMPACT OF DISASTERS Nota alcance: Cualquier incidencia de un agente, elemento o suceso sobre el sistema afectable (pobación y entorno), que produce efectos indeseables (sismos, altas temperaturas, huracanes, etc). Hay impactos primarios o elementales e impactos agregados. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992 Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[192]=new Array(193,"page273.html","2008-02-22","IMPACTO PRIMARIO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio IMPACTO PRIMARIO PRIMARY IMPACT Nota alcance: Manifestación propia de la calamidad. Se presenta como consecuencia directa de ésta. De acuerdo a su forma de realización se distinguen los siguientes tipos básicos de impacto: mecánicos (causados por el movimiento del suelo); térmicos (provocados por fuego); químicos (ligados a elementos tóxicos); políticos (impactan al medio político, provocando por ejemplo, pérdida de confianza). Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[193]=new Array(194,"page274.html","2008-02-22","IMPACTO PSICOSOCIAL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio IMPACTO PSICOSOCIAL PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPACT Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[194]=new Array(195,"page275.html","2008-02-22","INCENDIOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio INCENDIOS FIRES Nota alcance: Es una ocurrencia de fueGo no controlada que puede ser extremadamente peligrosa para los seres vivos y las estructuras. Fuente: Wikipedia Foundation. Wikipedia la enciclopedia libre. Incendio Forestal. Extraído el 24 de mayo de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[195]=new Array(196,"page276.html","2008-02-22","INCENDIOS FORESTALES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio INCENDIOS FORESTALES WILDFIRE Nota alcance: Un incendio forestal es el fuego que se extiende sin control sobre combustibles forestales situados en el monte. Las causas pueden ser por negligencia, intencionado, caída de rayo, por carbonilla encendida expulsada por la combustión de una máquina de ferrocarril, chispas producidas por un cortacircuito en un tendido eléctrico, etc. Fuente: Wikipedia Foundation. Wikipedia la enciclopedia libre. Incendio Forestal. Extraído el 24 de mayo de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[196]=new Array(197,"page277.html","2008-02-22","INCENDIOS INDUSTRIALES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio INCENDIOS INDUSTRIALES INDUSTRIAL FIRES Nota alcance: Son aquellos incendios no controlados de grandes proporciones, que pueden presentarse en forma súbita, gradual o instantánea en plantas e industrias que emplean agentes químicos, en el tránsito de vehículos con tanques líquidos inflamables y/o tóxicos, la generada por cableado eléctrico de alta tensión, en bodegas de material combustibles o por combustión espontánea (como consecuencia de la degradación y/o descomposición orgánica de algunos compuestos químicos, cuyo resultado es una reacción exotérmica o un sobrecalentamiento gradual, que provoca fuego) y que requieren para su eliminación o control de métodos acordes al tipo de agente que lo origina. Fuente: Sistema Estatal de Protección Civil de México. Incendios Industriales. Extraído el 30 de mayo de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[197]=new Array(198,"page278.html","2008-02-22","INCENDIOS URBANOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio INCENDIOS URBANOS URBAN FIRES Nota alcance: Siniestro en el cual ocurre la destrucción total o parcial de instalaciones, casas o edificios, en los cuales existe alta concentración de asentamientos humanos, ya sea dentro de ellos o en sus alrededores. Fuente: Sistema Estatal de Protección Civil de México. Incendios Urbanos. Extraído el 30 de mayo de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[198]=new Array(199,"page279.html","2008-02-22","INDICADORES SOCIALES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio INDICADORES SOCIALES SOCIAL INDICATORS Nota alcance: Índices diferentes usados para la evaluación de la situación socioeconómica de una sociedad. Ejemplos: índices de mortalidad infantiles, espacios verdes por habitante, densidad de circulación de tráfico, niveles de alfabetización. Fuente: Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Multilingual Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and International Relief, 1990. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[199]=new Array(200,"page28.html","2008-02-22","ALMACENAMIENTO DE MATERIALES Y SUMINISTROS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ALMACENAMIENTO DE MATERIALES Y SUMINISTROS MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES STOCKPILING Nota alcance: Acción de conservar, guardar, depositar o reunir en bodegas u otro tipo de loca, los insumos necesarios para el desarrollo de las actividades productivas de servicio o comercialización. El proceso de identificación anterior, disponibilidad y almacenaje de suministros que se necesitarán para responder a desastres. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[200]=new Array(201,"page280.html","2008-02-22","ÍNDICE DE PRECIPITACIÓN ANTECEDENTE","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ÍNDICE DE PRECIPITACIÓN ANTECEDENTE ANTECEDENT PRECIPITATION INDEX Nota alcance: Suma ponderada de las cantidades de precipitación diaria en el pasado, usado como índice de humedad del suelo. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[201]=new Array(202,"page281.html","2008-02-22","ÍNDICE DE RIESGO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ÍNDICE DE RIESGO RISK INDEX Nota alcance: Indicador que denota rápidamente el riesgo que puede causar un desastre. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[202]=new Array(203,"page282.html","2008-02-22","ÍNDICE DE SEQUÍA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ÍNDICE DE SEQUÍA DROUGHT INDEX Nota alcance: Valor computado que se relaciona con algunos de los efectos acumulados de una prolongada y anormal deficiencia de humedad. Fuente: Asociación Iberoamericana de Organismos Gubernamentales de Defensa y Protección Civil. (2004, Septiembre 13). Glosario de Términos Arce. Extraído el 24 de mayo de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[203]=new Array(204,"page283.html","2008-02-22","INESTABILIDAD ATMOSFÉRICA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio INESTABILIDAD ATMOSFÉRICA ATMOSPHERIC INESTABILITY Nota alcance: Condición de persistentes oscilaciones indeseables en la salida de un dispositivo electrónico. Condición atmosférica en la cual se pueden producir cambios bruscos en las variables meteorológicas. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[204]=new Array(205,"page284.html","2008-02-22","INESTABILIDAD DE PRECIPITACION","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio INESTABILIDAD DE PRECIPITACION Nota alcance: Cantidad de precipitación recogida por unidad de tiempo. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH) Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[205]=new Array(206,"page285.html","2008-02-22","INGENIERÍA CIVIL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio INGENIERÍA CIVIL CIVIL ENGINEERING Nota alcance: Conjunto de conocimientos y de técnicas que permiten aplicar el saber científico a la utilización de la materia y de las fuentes de energía, mediante invenciones o construcciones útiles para el hombre. El ingeniero civil se dedica especificamente a la construcción de obras y trabajos públicos, tales como: caminos, canales, puertos u otras obras relacionadas con ellos. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[206]=new Array(207,"page286.html","2008-02-22","INGENIERÍA SANITARIA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio INGENIERÍA SANITARIA SANITARY ENGINEERING Nota alcance: Una rama de la ingeniería preocupada con el diseño, construcción y mantención de medios ambientales que conduzcan a la salud pública como, abastecimiento de agua y desagues. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[207]=new Array(208,"page287.html","2008-02-22","INGENIERÍA SÍSMICA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio INGENIERÍA SÍSMICA SEISMIC ENGEERING Nota alcance: Análisis científico de la respuesta de una estructura a un sismo. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[208]=new Array(209,"page288.html","2008-02-22","INSTALACIONES PARA VÍCTIMAS DE DESASTRES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio INSTALACIONES PARA VÍCTIMAS DE DESASTRES INSTALLATIONS FOR DISASTER VICTIMS Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[209]=new Array(210,"page289.html","2008-02-22","INSTRUMENTOS SÍSMICOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio INSTRUMENTOS SÍSMICOS SEISMIC INSTRUMENTS Nota alcance: Instrumentos sismográficos utilizados para el registro de las aceleraciones del terreno o medir la severidad de la sacudida de un terreno producida por un sismo en un determinado lugar. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[210]=new Array(211,"page29.html","2008-02-22","ALMACENAMIENTO DE SUSTANCIAS Y RESIDUOS PELIGROSOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ALMACENAMIENTO DE SUSTANCIAS Y RESIDUOS PELIGROSOS HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND WASTES STOCKPILING Nota alcance: Acción de conservar, guardar, depositar o reunir en bodegas u otro tipo de local, una cantidad importante de productos químicos inflamables, tóxicos, corrosivos, irritantes, comburentes o radiactivos. Las bodegas o almacenes de materiales peligrosos deben cumplir con características de diseño que permitan reducir los efectos en caso de accidente y cumplir con la normativa internacional de seguridad en cuanto a la segregación y separación por compatibilidad química de los materiales. Fuente: Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Multilingual Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and International Relief, 1990. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[211]=new Array(212,"page290.html","2008-02-22","INTENSIDAD DE PRECIPITACIÓN","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio INTENSIDAD DE PRECIPITACIÓN PRECIPITATON INTENSITY Nota alcance: Cantidad de precipitación recogida por unidad de tiempo. Fuente: Material II - IDNDR, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[212]=new Array(213,"page291.html","2008-02-22","INTENSIDAD MACROSÍSMICA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio INTENSIDAD MACROSÍSMICA INTENSITY MACROSEISMIC Nota alcance: Escala de consecuencias de un terremoto en un sitio en particular, medida de acuerdo a los efectos sobre las personas, estructuras y materiales de tierra. Las escalas de intensidad más comúnmente usadas son: la de Mercalli (MM) y la de Medvedev, Sponheuer and Karnik (MSK), ambas tienen 12 grados. Fuente: Material II - IDNDR, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[213]=new Array(214,"page292.html","2008-02-22","INTERRUPCIÓN DE SERVICIOS Y ABASTECIMIENTO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio INTERRUPCIÓN DE SERVICIOS Y ABASTECIMIENTO INTERRUPTION OF SEVICES SUPPLY Nota alcance: Situación que se produce por la suspensión o disminución de funciones en los sistemas de servicios, como, la suspensión en los servicios de agua potable, energía eléctrica, transporte, abasto, etc. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[214]=new Array(215,"page293.html","2008-02-22","INTERVENCIÓN","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio INTERVENCIÓN INTERVENTION Nota alcance: Modificación intencional de las características de un fenómeno con el fin de reducir su amenaza o de las características intrínsecas de un elemento con el fin de reducir su vulnerabilidad. La intervención intenta modificar los factores de riesgo. Controlar o encausar el curso físico de un evento, o reducir la magnitud y frecuencia de un fenómeno, son medidas relacionadas con la intervención de la amenaza. La reducción al mínimo posible de los daños materiales mediante la modificación de la resistencia al impacto de los elementos expuestos es una medida estructural relacionada con la intervención de la vulnerabilidad física. Aspectos asociados con planificación del medio físico, reglamentación del uso del suelo, seguros, preparación para emergencias y educación pública son medidas no estructurales relacionadas con la intervención de la vulnerabilidad social. Fuente: Lavell, A., et. al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",5);arrFiles[215]=new Array(216,"page294.html","2008-02-22","INTERVENCIÓN HUMANITARIA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio INTERVENCIÓN HUMANITARIA Nota alcance: Acciones emprendidas por la comunidad internacional en el territorio de un determinado Estado con el fin de proteger y defender a la población de violaciones graves y masivas de los derechos humanos fundamentales, y de garantizar la asistencia humanitaria a las víctimas de conflictos armados cuando el gobierno soberano impide su paso. Fuente: Diccionario de Acción Humanitariany Cooperación al Desarrollo (200) Hegoa e Icara http://dicc.hegoa.efaber.net/ Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[216]=new Array(217,"page295.html","2008-02-22","INTRUSIÓN MAGMÁTICA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio INTRUSIÓN MAGMÁTICA MAGMATIC INTRUSION Nota alcance: Penetración del magma procedente del interior de la Tierra en rocas de la corteza ya consolidadas, en donde puede originar procesos de modificación física y química de contacto. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992 Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[217]=new Array(218,"page296.html","2008-02-22","INUNDACIONES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio INUNDACIONES FLOODS Nota alcance: Aumento anormal en el nivel de las aguas, que provoca que los ríos se desborden y cubran en forma temporal, la superficie de las tierras que se ubican en sus márgenes. Fuente: Programa Educativo para Emergencias Compendio general sobre desastres. Extraído el 22 de mayo de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[218]=new Array(219,"page297.html","2008-02-22","IONOSFERA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio IONOSFERA IONOSPHERE Nota alcance: Zona de la atmósfera, de aproximadamente 70 kilómetros a 500 kilómetros, en los cuales partículas cargadas, iones y electrones son formados por la fotoionización bajo el efecto de la radiación del sol. Fuente: Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Multilingual Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and International Relief, 1990. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[219]=new Array(220,"page298.html","2008-02-22","LADERAS ADYACENTES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio LADERAS ADYACENTES ADJACENT SLOPES Nota alcance: Declives o taludes naturales interiores de un cauce o de un vaso. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992 Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[220]=new Array(221,"page299.html","2008-02-22","LAHARES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio LAHARES LAHARES Nota alcance: Corresponde a coladas de barro originadas en las pendientes de los volcanes cuando capas inestables de cenizas y derrubios se saturan de agua y fluyen pendiente abajo siguiendo los cursos de los ríos. Los lahares también se producen como consecuencia de la interacción de los volcanes con los glaciares, como en Islandia que se los conoce como ökulhlaups. Fuente: Enciclopedia Libre Universal en Español. Lahar. Extraído el 25 de mayo de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[221]=new Array(222,"page3.html","2008-02-22","ABORÃ�GENES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ABORÍGENES ABORIGINES Nota alcance: Habitantes indígenas o nativos (su flora y fauna también) de una región geográfica, antes de la llegada de colonizadores. En Australia, la designación del pueblo original de aquel continente. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[222]=new Array(223,"page30.html","2008-02-22","ALMACENAMIENTO DE SUSTANCIAS, PRODUCTOS Y MATERIALES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ALMACENAMIENTO DE SUSTANCIAS, PRODUCTOS Y MATERIALES STORAGE OF SUBSTANCES, PRODUCTS AND MATERIALS Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[223]=new Array(224,"page300.html","2008-02-22","LAVA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio LAVA LAVA Nota alcance: Roca volcánica sólida o líquida, que se acumula sobre la tierra. Magma que ha salido a la superficie. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[224]=new Array(225,"page301.html","2008-02-22","LECHO DE INUNDACIÓN","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio LECHO DE INUNDACIÓN FLOODS BED Nota alcance: Curso por el cual fluye un caudal. Su anchura y profundidad están determinadas por el tipo de suelo y de sustrato ecológico, así como por la intensidad de su caudal. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[225]=new Array(226,"page302.html","2008-02-22","LEGISLACIÓN","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio LEGISLACIÓN LEGISLATION Nota alcance: Conjunto o cuerpo de leyes por las cuales se gobierna un Estado, o una materia determinada. Fuente: Real Academia Española. Recurso consultado en líneael 30 enero 2008. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[226]=new Array(227,"page303.html","2008-02-22","LEGISLACIÓN SOBRE DESASTRES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio LEGISLACIÓN SOBRE DESASTRES DISASTER LEGISLATION Nota alcance: El conjunto de leyes y regulamentos que gobiernan y designan responsabilidades para el manejo de desastres, y que conciernen a las varias fases del desastre. Fuente: Material II - IDNDR, 1992 Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[227]=new Array(228,"page304.html","2008-02-22","LEYES SOBRE DESASTRES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio LEYES SOBRE DESASTRES DISASTER ACT Nota alcance: La legislación nacional que proporciona el gobierno o su poder ejecutivo(directivo) designado con poderes especiales para movilizar los esfuerzos y los recursos de la nación en casi de un desastre o de emergencia. Fuente: Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Multilingual Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and International Relief, 1990. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[228]=new Array(229,"page305.html","2008-02-22","LICUEFACCIÓN","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio LICUEFACCIÓN LICUEFACTION Nota alcance: La trasformación de un material deformable (arena, cal y el suelo inconsolidado sobre la capa de roca de la Tierra) desde un estado sólido a un estado líquido como consecuencia de un incremento de la presión de agua en los poros. Fuente: Gianibelli, J.; Quaglino, N. y Mac William, M. (2002, noviembre) . Glosario de Geofísica. Recuperado el 4 de mayo de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[229]=new Array(230,"page306.html","2008-02-22","LÍNEAS (REDES) VITALES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio LÍNEAS (REDES) VITALES Nota alcance: Infraestructura básica o esencial necesaria para el desenvolvimiento normal de una población. Energía: presas, subestaciones, líneas de fluido eléctrico, plantas de almacenamiento de combustibles, oleoductos, gasoductos. Transporte: redes viales, puentes, terminales de transporte, aeropuertos, puertos fluviales y marítimos. Agua: plantas de tratamiento, acueductos, alcantarillados, canales de irrigación y conducción. Comunicaciones: redes y plantas telefónicas, estaciones de radio y televisión, oficinas de correo e información publica. Fuente: Lavell, A., et. al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[230]=new Array(231,"page307.html","2008-02-22","LITOSFERA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio LITOSFERA LITHOSPHERE Nota alcance: La litosfera o litósfera (de la palabra del griego que significa literalmente \'esfera de piedra \') es la capa sólida más superficial de la Tierra, superior al manto interno. Está formada por la corteza terrestre y por la zona externa del manto y \'flota \' sobre la astenosfera. Tiene un espesor que varía entre aproximadamente 100 km para los océanos y 150 km para los continentes y es la zona donde se produce la tectónica de placas. Fuente: Wikimedia Foundation. (2006). Litosfera. Wikipedia la Enciclopedia Libre. Recuperado el 4 de mayo de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[231]=new Array(232,"page308.html","2008-02-22","LLANURA DE INUNDACIÓN O PLANICIE INUNDABLE","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio LLANURA DE INUNDACIÓN O PLANICIE INUNDABLE Nota alcance: Planicies aluviales aledañas a las corrientes de agua superficiales, como ríos, arroyos y lagunas, las cuales se han formado en el pasado con los sedimentos que periódicamente han depositado las inundaciones fluviales. Fuente: Asociación Iberoamericana de Organismos Gubernamentales de Defensa y Protección Civil. (2004, Septiembre 13). Glosario de Términos Arce. Extraído el 24 de mayo de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[232]=new Array(233,"page309.html","2008-02-22","LLOVIZNAS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio LLOVIZNAS DRIZZLES Nota alcance: Este fenómeno corresponde a un tipo de precipitación que se diferencia de la lluvia, porque se compone de gotas cuya mayoría es de diámetro inferior a 0,5 mm. La llovizna no se ve caer, sus elementos parecen flotar en el aire y no producen ondas en los charcos. Proviene de nubes de tipo estratos. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[233]=new Array(234,"page31.html","2008-02-22","ALOJAMIENTO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ALOJAMIENTO SHELTERING Nota alcance: Acción que consiste en brindar asilo provisional a individuos o grupos. Fuente: Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Multilingual Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and International Relief, 1990. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[234]=new Array(235,"page310.html","2008-02-22","LLUVIA ÁCIDA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio LLUVIA ÁCIDA ACID RAIN Nota alcance: La lluvia ácida se forma cuando la humedad en el aire se combina con el óxido de nitrógeno y el dióxido de azufre emitido por fábricas, centrales eléctricas y automotores que queman carbón o aceite. Esta interacción de gases con el vapor de agua forman el ácido sulfúrico y los ácidos nítricos. Finalmente, estas sustancias químicas caen a la tierra en forma de precipitación o lluvia ácida. Los contaminantes de la lluvia ácida pueden recorrer grandes distancias, y los vientos los trasladan miles de kilómetros antes de precipitarse en forma de rocío, lluvia, llovizna, granizo, nieve o niebla, que se vuelven ácidos al absorber gases residuales de industrias o centrales térmicas que usan carburantes fósiles, gases de tubos de escape de vehículos y otras causas, ya sean naturales o antropogénicas. Provoca un fuerte deterioro en el medio ambiente. La lluvia normalmente presenta un pH de aproximadamente 5.6 (ligeramente ácido) debido a la presencia del CO2 atmosférico, que forma ácido carbónico, H2CO3. Se considera que es lluvia ácida si presenta un pH de menos de 5 y puede alcanzar el pH del vinagre, pH 3. Estos valores de pH se alcanzan por la presencia de ácidos como el ácido sulfúrico, H2SO4, y el ácido nítrico, HNO3. Estos ácidos se forman a partir del dióxido de azufre, SO2, y el monóxido de nitrógeno. Fuente: Wikimedia Foundation. (2006). Lluvia ácida. Wikipedia la Enciclopedia Libre. Recuperado el 4 de mayo de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",5);arrFiles[235]=new Array(236,"page311.html","2008-02-22","LLUVIA DE CENIZA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio LLUVIA DE CENIZA ASH FALL Nota alcance: Precipitación de material pulviforme y tenue, generalmente producida por efecto de la actividad volcánica, que puede producir daños menores o moderados sobre grandes extensiones de terreno. La distribución de la ceniza emitida está condicionada por la velocidad de la expulsión y por la intensidad y el rumbo de los vientos dominantes. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[236]=new Array(237,"page312.html","2008-02-22","LLUVIAS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio LLUVIAS RAIN Nota alcance: Fenómeno atmosférico producido por la condensación de las nubes. Consiste en la precipitación de gotas de agua líquida o sobreenfriada, cuyo diámetro es mayor a los 0,5 mm. Generalmente las gotas de agua líquida, al chocar con los objetos, se aplastan esparciéndose, mojando rápidamente el área del impacto y, tratándose de gotas grandes, produciendo salpicaduras. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[237]=new Array(238,"page313.html","2008-02-22","LOCALIZACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA DEL RIESGO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio LOCALIZACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA DEL RIESGO Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[238]=new Array(239,"page314.html","2008-02-22","LOGÍSTICA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio LOGÍSTICA LOGISTIC Nota alcance: Rango de actividades operacionales relacionadas con provisiones, manejo, transporte y la distribución de materiales; también aplicable al transporte de personas. Fuente: Material II - DNDR, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[239]=new Array(240,"page315.html","2008-02-22","MAGMA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio MAGMA MAGMA Nota alcance: Es una mezcla multifase de alta temperatura (dependiendo de su composición y evolución, desde menos de 700°C hasta más de 1500°C) de sólidos (cristales y fragmentos de roca), líquido (en su mayoría silicatos) y gas (rico en H, O, C, S y Cl), formado por la fusión parcial o total de una fuente parental (principalmente, la parte superior del manto y la base de la corteza terrestre). Por su contenido mineral, el magma puede clasificarse en dos grandes grupos: máficos y félsicos. Básicamente, los magmas máficos contienen silicatos ricos en Mg y Ca, mientras que los félsicos contienen silicatos ricos en Na y K. El magma ascendente que, desde su generación hasta antes de su solidificación, extrude en la superficie, recibe el nombre de lava. Fuente: Wikimedia Foundation. (2006). Magma. Wikipedia la Enciclopedia Libre. Recuperado el 4 de mayo de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[240]=new Array(241,"page316.html","2008-02-22","MAMPOSTERIA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio MAMPOSTERIA MANSORY Nota alcance: Obra hecha con mampuestos colocados y ajustados unos con otros sin sujeción a determinado orden de hiladas y tamaños. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[241]=new Array(242,"page317.html","2008-02-22","MANEJO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio MANEJO MANAGING Nota alcance: Conjunto de operaciones dirigidas a dar a los residuos el destino más adecuado de acuerdo con sus características, con la finalidad de prevenir daños o riesgos para la salud humana o el ambiente. Incluye el almacenamiento, el barrido de calles y áreas públicas, la recolección, la transferencia, el transporte, el tratamiento, la disposición final y cualquier otra operación necesaria. Fuente: OPS/OMS. Gestión de residuos sólidos en situaciones de desastres (2003). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[242]=new Array(243,"page318.html","2008-02-22","MANEJO DE CADÁVERES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio MANEJO DE CADÁVERES Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[243]=new Array(244,"page319.html","2008-02-22","MANGLARES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio MANGLARES MANGROVE SWAMPS Nota alcance: De mangle. Terreno que en la zona tropical cubren de agua las grandes áreas, lleno de esteros que lo cortan formando muchas islas bajas, donde crecen los árboles que viven en el agua salada. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[244]=new Array(245,"page32.html","2008-02-22","ALOJAMIENTO TEMPORAL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ALOJAMIENTO TEMPORAL TEMPORAL SHELTER Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[245]=new Array(246,"page320.html","2008-02-22","MAPA DE RIESGO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio MAPA DE RIESGO RISK MAP Nota alcance: El mapa de riesgos es un dibujo o maqueta que indica los elementos importantes de la comunidad, tales como las escuelas, hospitales, municipalidad y otros edificios importantes, así como zonas de cultivos y los parques. También muestra zonas o elementos potencialmente peligrosos tales como ríos y otras fuentes potenciales de inundación, zonas de deslizamientos, la presencia de los volcanes peligrosos etc. Además, el mapa indica en que medida (un poco, mucho, totalmente destruidos) podría verse afectados los elementos expuestos. Fuente: Glosario EIRD. Extraído el 19 de abril de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[246]=new Array(247,"page321.html","2008-02-22","MAR DE FONDO SÍSMICO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio MAR DE FONDO SÍSMICO SEISMIC SEA WAVE Nota alcance: Onda (Ola) del océano causada por terremotos submarinos, volcanes o movimientos de tierra. Fuente: Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Multilingual Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and International Relief, 1990 Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[247]=new Array(248,"page322.html","2008-02-22","MAREA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio MAREA TIDE Nota alcance: Movimiento periódico y alternativo de ascendo y descenso de las aguas del mar, producido por la atracción gravitacional que ejercen la Luna y el Sol. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[248]=new Array(249,"page323.html","2008-02-22","MAREA DE TEMPESTAD","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio MAREA DE TEMPESTAD STORM SURGE Nota alcance: Incremento súbito del mar, como resultado de grandes vientos y presiones atmosféricas bajas; algunas veces llamadas mareas de tormenta, olas de tormenta, olas de marea, mar de leva. Generalmente afecta solo áreas costeras pero que puede incluir algunas distancias tierra adentro. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992) Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[249]=new Array(250,"page324.html","2008-02-22","MAREJADA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio MAREJADA SWELL Nota alcance: Se produce habitualmente por la acción del viento sobre la superficie del agua y sus olas tienen una ritmicidad que usualmente es de 20 segundos y como máximo suelen propagarse unos 150 metros tierra adentro, como observamos en los temporales o huracanes. De hecho la propagación es limitada por la distancia, de modo que va perdiendo intensidad al alejarnos del lugar donde el viento la está generando. A diferencia de un tsunami, este presenta un comportamiento opuesto, ya que el brusco movimiento del agua desde la profundidad genera un efecto de “latigazoâ€� hacia la superficie que es capaz de lograr olas de magnitud impensable. Sólo cuando llegan a la costa comienzan a perder velocidad, al disminuir la profundidad del océano. La altura de las olas, sin embargo, puede incrementarse hasta superar los 30 metros (lo habitual es una altura de 6 o 7 m). Fuente: Buenrostro González, G. ¿Diferencia de las marejadas?. Extraído el 24 de mayo de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[250]=new Array(251,"page325.html","2008-02-22","MASAS DE AIRE","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio MASAS DE AIRE AIR MASSES Nota alcance: Extenso volumen de aire cuyas propiedades de temperatura y humedad son homogéneas en sentido horizontal. Cuando su temperatura es mayor que la del suelo sobre el cual se desplaza, se simboliza con la letra K; después de su identificación, se la llama masa de aire caliente. Si su temperatura es menor a la del suelo sobre el cual se desplaza, es denominada masa de aire frío y se simboliza con la letra W. Recibe la denominación de masa de aire marítimo cuando adquiere su propiedad sobre el mar y, consecuentemente, posee un alto contenido de humedad; en este caso se simboliza con la letra M. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[251]=new Array(252,"page327.html","2008-02-22","MATERIAL DE EXPULSIÓN","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio MATERIAL DE EXPULSIÓN EJECTA Nota alcance: Material expulsado de un volcán que incluye fragmentos grandes (bombas), material que quema sin llama (escoria), rocas pequeñas (lapilli) y partículas finas como la ceniza. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[252]=new Array(253,"page328.html","2008-02-22","MATERIALES DE ENSEÑANZA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio MATERIALES DE ENSEÑANZA Nota alcance: Materiales de instrucción utilizados en la enseñanza. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[253]=new Array(254,"page329.html","2008-02-22","MEDICINA DE DESASTRES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio MEDICINA DE DESASTRES DISASTER MEDICINE Nota alcance: El estudio y la colaboración aplicada a las diferentes disciplinas de la salud para proteger, preparar, dar rehabilitación y dar respuestas inmediatas a los problemas de salud que resultan de un desastre, en colaboración con otras disciplinas relacionadas en el manejo global de desastres. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[254]=new Array(255,"page33.html","2008-02-22","ALUVIÓN","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ALUVIÓN ALLUVIUM Nota alcance: Material detrítico transportado y depositado transitoria o permanentemente por una corriente. Dicho material puede ser arena, grava o limo. Se acumula en los canales de las corrientes, en las planicies inundables y en los deltas. Algunos autores también incluyen bajo estos términos los materiales que sedimentan en los lagos o estuarios. A menos que se especifique otra cosa, el término aluvión se refiere a material no consolidado. Crecida repentina y abundante de agua. Fuente: Material IV Glosarios de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[255]=new Array(256,"page330.html","2008-02-22","MEDICINA DE EMERGENCIA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio MEDICINA DE EMERGENCIA EMERGENCY MEDICINE Nota alcance: El sistema institucional especializado junto con los recursos que se necesitan para suplir las necesidades médicas inesperadas. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[256]=new Array(257,"page331.html","2008-02-22","MEDICIÓN DE RIESGO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio MEDICIÓN DE RIESGO RISK ASSESSMENT Nota alcance: La valoración cualitativa o cuantitativa de la probabilidad de los efectos adversos que pueden ser resultado de la exposición a peligros para la salud especificados o de la ausencia de influencias beneficiosas. Fuente: Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[257]=new Array(258,"page332.html","2008-02-22","MEDICIÓN SÍSMICA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio MEDICIÓN SÍSMICA SEISMIC MEASUREMENT Nota alcance: Conjunto de acciones periódicas y sistemáticas de vigilancia, observación y medición de los parámetros relevantes de un sistema, o de las variables definidas como indicadores de la evolución de una emergencia y consecuentemente del riesgo de un terremoto. Fuente: Diccionarios Rioduero : Geografía. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[258]=new Array(259,"page333.html","2008-02-22","METEOROLOGÍA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio METEOROLOGÍA METEOROLOGY Nota alcance: Ciencia que estudia los fenómenos que se producen en la atmósfera, sus causas y sus mecanismos. Parte de la geofísica que se ocupa del estado y de los cambios de tiempo en la atmósfera. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[259]=new Array(260,"page334.html","2008-02-22","MICROCLIMA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio MICROCLIMA MICROCLIMA Nota alcance: Es un clima local de características distintas a las de la zona en que se encuentra. El microclima es un conjunto de afecciones atmosféricas que caracterizan un contorno o ámbito reducido. Fuente: Wikipedia Foundation. Microclima. Wikipedia la enciclopedia libre. Extraído el 25 de mayo del 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[260]=new Array(261,"page335.html","2008-02-22","MINAS ANTIPERSONALES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio MINAS ANTIPERSONALES ANTIPERSONAL MINES Nota alcance: Artefactos explosivos que se entierran en el suelo o se camuflan, y que cuentan con una espoleta que se activa al ser pisados o golpeados. Sus principales víctimas son los civiles, ocasionando graves daños humanos y económicos tanto en los conflictos como durante un largo período después de ellos. Fuente: Diccionario de Acción Humanitariany Cooperación al Desarrollo (200) Hegoa e Icara http://dicc.hegoa.efaber.net/ Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[261]=new Array(262,"page336.html","2008-02-22","MITIGACIÓN (REDUCCIÓN O ATENUACIÓN) DEL RIESGO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio MITIGACIÓN (REDUCCIÓN O ATENUACIÓN) DEL RIESGO Nota alcance: Ejecución de medidas de intervención dirigidas a reducir o disminuir el riesgo existente. La mitigación asume que en muchas circunstancias no es posible, ni factible controlar totalmente el riesgo existente; es decir, que en muchos casos no es posible impedir o evitar totalmente los daños y sus consecuencias, sino más bien reducirlos a niveles aceptables y factibles. La mitigación de riesgos de desastre puede operar en el contexto de la reducción o eliminación de riesgos existentes, o aceptar estos riesgos y, a través de los preparativos, los sistemas de alerta, etc. buscar disminuir las pérdidas y daños que con la ocurrencia de un fenómeno peligroso. Así, las medidas de mitigación o reducción que se adoptan en forma anticipada a la manifestación de un fenómeno físico tienen el fin de: a) evitar que se presente un fenómeno peligroso, reducir su peligrosidad o evitar la exposición de los elementos ante el mismo; b) disminuir sus efectos sobre la población, la infraestructura, los bienes y servicios, reduciendo la vulnerabilidad que exhiben. La mitigación es el resultado de la decisión a nivel político de un nivel de riesgo aceptable obtenido en un análisis extensivo del mismo y bajo el criterio de que dicho riesgo no es posible reducirlo totalmente. Fuente: Lavell, A., et. al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",5);arrFiles[262]=new Array(263,"page337.html","2008-02-22","MONITOREO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio MONITOREO MONITORING Nota alcance: Sistema que permite la observación, medición y evaluación continua del progreso de un proceso o fenómeno a la vista, para tomar medidas correctivas. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[263]=new Array(264,"page338.html","2008-02-22","MONITOREO VOLCÃ�NICO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio MONITOREO VOLCÁNICO VOLCANIC MONITORING Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[264]=new Array(265,"page339.html","2008-02-22","MORFOLOGÃ�A","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio MORFOLOGÍA MORPHOLOGY Nota alcance: Parte de la geología que describe las formas externas del relieve terrestre, su origen y formación. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[265]=new Array(266,"page34.html","2008-02-22","AMENAZA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio AMENAZA HAZARD Nota alcance: Peligro latente que representa la probable manifestación de un fenómeno físico de origen natural, socio-natural o antropogénico, que se anticipa puede producir efectos adversos en las personas, la producción, la infraestructura y los bienes y servicios. Es un factor de riesgo físico externo a un elemento o grupo de elementos sociales expuestos, que se expresa como la probabilidad de que un fenómeno se presente con una cierta intensidad, en un sitio especifico y dentro de un periodo de tiempo definido. Fuente: Lavell, A. et. al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), PNUD. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[266]=new Array(267,"page340.html","2008-02-22","NUBE DE CENIZA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio NUBE DE CENIZA CLOUD OF ASH Nota alcance: Masa de gases y ceniza, generada por una explosión volcánica o derivada de un flujo piroclástico. Fuente: USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory. Glosario. Nube de ceniza. Extraído el 25 de mayo de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[267]=new Array(268,"page341.html","2008-02-22","OBRAS CIVILES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio OBRAS CIVILES CIVIL WORKS Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[268]=new Array(269,"page342.html","2008-02-22","OBRAS DE CONTENCIÓN","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio OBRAS DE CONTENCIÓN BARRING STRUCTURES Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[269]=new Array(270,"page343.html","2008-02-22","OCEANOGRAFÃ�A","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAPHY Nota alcance: Ciencia que estudia los mares y océanos, sus elementos (aguas, fondos, organismos vivos) y la dinámica del sistema. Su auge se ha mantenido desde el Siglo XIX hasta hoy. Existen 2 motivaciones principales del estudio: la ecológica o proteccionista y la explotación de los recursos marinos, con amplio predominio de la segunda. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[270]=new Array(271,"page344.html","2008-02-22","OJO DE LA TORMENTA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio OJO DE LA TORMENTA EYE OF THE STORM Nota alcance: El centro calmo de un ciclón tropical. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[271]=new Array(272,"page345.html","2008-02-22","OJO DEL HURACÃ�N","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio OJO DEL HURACÁN VORTEX Nota alcance: Espacio circular despejado de nubes en el centro de un ciclón. Cuando éste pasa por un poblado, en ese tiempo habrá una calma que puede durar hasta una hora, después del cual volverán a soplar los vientos en dirección contraria y aún con más fuerza. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[272]=new Array(273,"page346.html","2008-02-22","OLA DE CALOR","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio OLA DE CALOR HEAT WAVE Nota alcance: Aumento de la temperatura media atmosférica muy por encima de los promedios en una región con efectos sobre poblaciones humanas, cultivos, bienes y servicio. Fuente: DESINVENTAR, LA RED. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[273]=new Array(274,"page347.html","2008-02-22","OLA DE CRECIDA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio OLA DE CRECIDA FLOOD WAVE Nota alcance: Aumento del caudal de un curso de agua de tal magnitud que ocasione desbordamiento y su retirada posterior. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[274]=new Array(275,"page348.html","2008-02-22","OLA DE FRÃ�O","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio OLA DE FRÍO Nota alcance: Tipo de tiempo caracterizado por el ambiente helado, con registros térmicos exiguos que puede acompañarse, en ocasiones, de nevadas copiosas. Con mayor precisión debe hablarse de advecciones de masas de aire frías o muy frías, puesto que este es el mecanismo meteorológico que las genera. En el hemisferio norte, las olas de frío tienen su época principal de riesgo entre mediados de los meses de noviembre y marzo, con ápice en enero-febrero, intervalo en el que masas polares y árticas alcanzan valores térmicos mínimos en sus manantiales que mantienen, en gran medida, en su desplazamiento hacia latitudes templadas. Las advecciones frías, afectan a un amplio territorio, el que queda bajo los efectos de las vaguadas instaladas en las capas altas de la troposfera y ocasionan graves daños en la actividad agraria al provocar las bajísimas temperaturas destrozos en cultivos de temporada por congelación. Fuente: Laboratorio Climatología. Instituto Universitario de Geografía. Vocabulario de términos de uso frecuente en climatología. Extraído el 24 de mayo de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[275]=new Array(276,"page349.html","2008-02-22","ORGANIZACIÓN COMUNITARIA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ORGANIZACIÓN COMUNITARIA COMMUNITARY ORGANIZATION Nota alcance: Procesos de organización existentes en las comunidades, barrios o poblados, sobre la base de intereses y de elementos de identidad común, normalmente orientados a intervenir en la dinámica de desarrollo del lugar. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[276]=new Array(277,"page35.html","2008-02-22","AMENAZA ANTROPOGÉNICA O ANTRÓPICA (TECNOLÓGICA) ","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio AMENAZA ANTROPOGÉNICA O ANTRÓPICA (TECNOLÓGICA) TECHNOLOGICAL THREATS Nota alcance: Peligro latente generado por la actividad humana en la producción, distribución, transporte y consumo de bienes y servicios y la construcción y uso de infraestructura y edificios. Comprende una gama amplia de peligros como lo son las distintas formas de contaminación de aguas, aire y suelos, los incendios, las explosiones, los derrames de sustancias tóxicas, los accidentes en los sistemas de transporte, la ruptura de presas de retención de agua etc. Fuente: Lavell, A. et al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), PNUD. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[277]=new Array(278,"page350.html","2008-02-22","ORGANIZACIONES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ORGANIZACIONES ORGANIZATIONS Nota alcance: Se concibe como un conjunto orgánico y articulado de estructuras, relaciones funcionales, métodos y procedimientos que establecen las dependencias y entidades del sector público entre sí, con las organizaciones de los diversos grupos sociales y privados y con las autoridades de los estados y municipios, a fin de efectuar acciones de común acuerdo destinadas a la protección de los ciudadanos contra los peligros y riesgos que se presentan en la eventualidad de un desastre. Estructuras administrativas y funcionales cuyo propósito es la sistematización de actividades colectivas para un fin particular. Fuente: México. Dirección General de Protección Civil. 1998. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[278]=new Array(279,"page351.html","2008-02-22","ORGANIZACIONES DE PLANIFICACIÓN Y ATENCIÓN DE DESASTRES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ORGANIZACIONES DE PLANIFICACIÓN Y ATENCIÓN DE DESASTRES ORGANIZATIONS FOR PLANNING AND CARE IN DISASTERS Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[279]=new Array(280,"page352.html","2008-02-22","OSCILACIÓN CLIMÃ�TICA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio OSCILACIÓN CLIMÁTICA Nota alcance: Una fluctuación en la que las variables tienden a moverse gradual y suavemente entre máximos y mínimos sucesivos. Fuente: Guía de Prácticas Climatológicas, Organización Meteorológica Mundial. Glosario. Oscilación climática. Extraído el 25 de mayo de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[280]=new Array(281,"page353.html","2008-02-22","OZONO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio OZONO OZONE Nota alcance: El ozono es el estado del oxígeno en el que cada molécula se compone de tres átomos del mismo (O3). A temperatura y presión ambientales el ozono es un gas de olor acre e incoloro, que en grandes concentraciones puede volverse azulado. El ozono tiene un interesante uso industrial como precursor en la síntesis de algunos compuestos orgánicos, y sobre todo, como desinfectante (depuradoras). Su principal propiedad es que es un fortísimo oxidante. Es, sin embargo, conocido por el importante papel que desempeña en la atmósfera. A este nivel es necesario distinguir entre el ozono presente en la estratosfera y el de la troposfera. En ambos casos su formación y destrucción son fenómenos fotoquímicos. Fuente: Wikipedia Foundation. Ozono. Wikipedia la enciclopedia libre. Extraído el 19 de abril del 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[281]=new Array(282,"page354.html","2008-02-22","PARTICIPACIÓN COMUNITARIA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PARTICIPACIÓN COMUNITARIA CONSUMER PARTICIPATION Nota alcance: Participación individual o de la comunidad en un proceso de decisión. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[282]=new Array(283,"page355.html","2008-02-22","PARTICIPACIÓN INTERACTIVA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PARTICIPACIÓN INTERACTIVA Nota alcance: Los grupos locales organizados participan en la formulación implementación y evaluación del proyecto, esto implica procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje sistemáticos y estructurados, y la toma de control en forma progresiva del proyecto. Fuente: Geilsfus, Frans (1998) 80 herramientas para el desarrollo participativo: Diagnóstico, planificación, monitoreo y evaluación. (2 ed.). Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ). Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura (IICA). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[283]=new Array(284,"page356.html","2008-02-22","PERSONAL DE RESCATE","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PERSONAL DE RESCATE RESCUE PERSONNEL Nota alcance: Trabajadores que actúan en la labor de rescate surgida de una emergencia o desastre: bomeros, personal de Cruz Roja, personal médico. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[284]=new Array(285,"page357.html","2008-02-22","PERSONAS DESPLAZADAS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PERSONAS DESPLAZADAS DISPLACED PERSONS Nota alcance: Personas que por diferentes razones o circunstancias han sido obligadas a dejar sus casas. Puede que vivan o no en sus países de origen, pero no se les considera legalmente como refugiados. Refiérese a personas forzadas a reinstalarse en zonas más seguras dentro de su propia comunidad domiciliar en situaciones de calamidades naturales o causadas por el hombre. Fuente: Material II - IDNDR, 1992. Repidisca/CEPIS. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[285]=new Array(286,"page358.html","2008-02-22","PERTURBACIÓN ATMOSFÉRICA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PERTURBACIÓN ATMOSFÉRICA ATMPOSPHERIC DISTURBANCE Nota alcance: Alteración de las condiciones atmosféricas originada por la variación de la temperatura y de la presión. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[286]=new Array(287,"page359.html","2008-02-22","PIROCLASTO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PIROCLASTO PIROCLASTIC MATERIAL Nota alcance: Material de lava fragmentado por efecto de las explosiones o interaciones líquido-gas en la columna eruptiva de un volcán. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[287]=new Array(288,"page36.html","2008-02-22","AMENAZA NATURAL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio AMENAZA NATURAL NATURAL HAZARD Nota alcance: Peligro latente asociado con la posible manifestación de un fenómeno de origen natural -por ejemplo, un terremoto, una erupción volcánica, un tsunami o un huracán- cuya génesis se encuentra en los procesos naturales de transformación y modificación de la Tierra y el ambiente. Suelen clasificarse de acuerdo con sus orígenes terrestres o atmosféricos, permitiendo identificar, entre otras, amenazas geológicas, geomorfológicas, climatológicas, hidrometeorológicas, oceánicas y bióticas. Fuente: Lavell, A., et al (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), PNUD. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[288]=new Array(289,"page360.html","2008-02-22","PLACA CONTINENTAL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PLACA CONTINENTAL CONTINENTAL PLATE Nota alcance: La que abarca en su totalidad a los continentes; tiene un espesor de 100 a 200 km. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[289]=new Array(290,"page361.html","2008-02-22","PLACA OCEÃ�NICA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PLACA OCEÁNICA OCEANIC PLATE Nota alcance: La que comprende la gran extensión de agua salada que cubre las tres cuartas partes de la Tierra. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[290]=new Array(291,"page362.html","2008-02-22","PLACAS TECTÓNICAS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PLACAS TECTÓNICAS TECTONICS PLATES Nota alcance: Grandes fragmentos que constituyen el envolvente externa de la Tierra. Estas placas se encuentran “flotandoâ€� sobre una capa más dúctil y plástica del Manto terrestre y se desplazan lentamente a con una velocidad promedio de varios cm / año. Fuente: USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory. Glosario. Placas tectónicas. Extraído el 25 de mayo de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[291]=new Array(292,"page363.html","2008-02-22","PLAN DE CONTINGENCIA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PLAN DE CONTINGENCIA CONTINGENCY PLAN Nota alcance: Plan dirigido a atender la posible ocurrencia de una calamidad que permite prever y estimar la evolución y la probable intensidad de sus efectos. Fuente: BIREME. (2006). DESC Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud. Extraído el 9 de mayo 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[292]=new Array(293,"page364.html","2008-02-22","PLAN DE EMERGENCIAS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PLAN DE EMERGENCIAS EMERGENCY PLAN Nota alcance: Definición de funciones, responsabilidades y procedimientos generales de reacción y alerta institucional, inventario de recursos, coordinación de actividades operativas y simulación para la capacitación, con el fin de salvaguardar la vida, proteger los bienes y recobrar la normalidad de la sociedad tan pronto como sea posible después de que se presente un fenómeno peligroso. Consiste en una propuesta normada de organización de las acciones, personas, servicios y recursos disponibles para la atención del desastre, con base en la evaluación de riesgos, disponibilidad de recursos materiales y humanos, preparación a la comunidad, capacidad de respuesta local e internacional, etc. Determina la estructura jerárquica y funcional de las autoridades y organismos llamados a intervenir en la atención y establece el sistema de coordinación de las instituciones, los recursos y medios tanto públicos como privados necesarios para cumplir el objetivo propuesto. Fuente: Lavell, A., et. al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",5);arrFiles[293]=new Array(294,"page365.html","2008-02-22","PLAN DE GESTIÓN DE RIESGOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PLAN DE GESTIÓN DE RIESGOS Nota alcance: Conjunto coherente y ordenado de estrategias, programas y proyectos, que se formula para orientar las actividades de reducción o mitigación, previsión y control de riesgos, y la recuperación en caso de desastre. Ofrece el marco global e integrado, el detalle de las políticas y estrategias globales y los niveles jerárquicos y de coordinación existentes para el desarrollo de planes específicos, sectoriales, temáticos o territoriales relacionados con los distintos aspectos del riesgo y desastre. Al garantizar condiciones apropiadas de seguridad frente a los diversos riesgos existentes y disminuir las pérdidas materiales y consecuencias sociales que se derivan de los desastres, se mantiene la calidad de vida de la población y se aumenta la sostenibilidad. Fuente: Lavell, A., et. al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[294]=new Array(295,"page366.html","2008-02-22","PLANES Y PROGRAMAS DE EDUCACIÓN EN DESASTRES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PLANES Y PROGRAMAS DE EDUCACIÓN EN DESASTRES PLANS AND PROGRAMS OF EDUCATION IN DISASTERS Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[295]=new Array(296,"page367.html","2008-02-22","PLANIFICACIÓN EN DESASTRES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PLANIFICACIÓN EN DESASTRES DISASTER PLANNING Nota alcance: Procedimientos definidos para el caso de desastres, y de mantenimiento de servicios en casos de desastres. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[296]=new Array(297,"page368.html","2008-02-22","PLANIFICACIÓN HOSPITALARIA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PLANIFICACIÓN HOSPITALARIA HOSPITAL PLANNING Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[297]=new Array(298,"page369.html","2008-02-22","POBLACIÓN EN RIESGO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio POBLACIÓN EN RIESGO POPULATION AT RISK Nota alcance: Una población cuyas vidas, propiedades y fuentes de trabajo se encuentran amenazadas por peligros dados. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[298]=new Array(299,"page37.html","2008-02-22","AMENAZA SOCIO-NATURAL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio AMENAZA SOCIO-NATURAL SOCIO-NATURAL HAZARD Nota alcance: Peligro latente asociado con la probable ocurrencia de fenómenos físicos cuya existencia, intensidad o recurrencia se relacionan con procesos de degradación ambiental o de intervención humana en los ecosistemas naturales. Ejemplos de éstos pueden encontrarse en inundaciones y deslizamientos resultantes de, o incrementados o influenciados en su intensidad, por procesos de deforestación y degradación o deterioro de cuencas, erosión costera por la destrucción de manglares e inundaciones urbanas por falta de adecuados sistemas de drenaje de aguas pluviales. Las amenazas socio-naturales se crean en la intersección de la naturaleza con la acción humana y representan un proceso de conversión de recursos en amenazas. Los cambios en el ambiente y las nuevas amenazas que se generarán con el Cambio Climático Global son el ejemplo más extremo de la noción de amenaza socio-natural. Las amenazas socio-naturales mimetizan o asumen las mismas características que diversas amenazas naturales. Fuente: Lavell, A., et al.. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), PNUD. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",5);arrFiles[299]=new Array(300,"page370.html","2008-02-22","POLICIA Y BOMBEROS EN DESASTRES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio POLICIA Y BOMBEROS EN DESASTRES FIREMEN AND POLICEMEN IN DISASTERS Nota alcance: Papel y actividades de bomberos y policías y su colaboración con otros recursos públicos y privados para promover socorro en dasastres. Fuente: Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[300]=new Array(301,"page371.html","2008-02-22","PREALERTA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PREALERTA PREWARNING Nota alcance: Estado que se establece en los organismos de respuesta ante la información sobre la posible ocurrencia de una calamidad. En estado de prealerta se realizan las primeras medidas previstas para enfrentar una calamidad. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[301]=new Array(302,"page372.html","2008-02-22","PRECAUCIÓN","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PRECAUCIÓN PRECAUTION Nota alcance: Estado de mando anterior a la prealerta que se establece en los organismos de respuesta, como resultado de la información sobre la posible ocurrencia de una calamidad. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[302]=new Array(303,"page373.html","2008-02-22","PRECIPITACIÓN","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PRECIPITACIÓN PRECIPITATION Nota alcance: Cualquier y todas las formas del agua, en estado líquido o sólido, que cae de las nubes hasta llegar a la tierra. Esto incluye la lluvia, llovizna, llovizna helada, lluvia helada, granizo, hielo granulado, nieve, granizo menudo y bolillas de nieve. La cantidad de precipitación se expresa generalmente en pulgadas midiendo la profundidad del agua en estado líquido en la sustancia que ha caído en un punto determinado durante un período específico de tiempo. Fuente: Universidad de Chile. Departamento de Geofísica de la Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas. (s.d.). Glosario. Extraído el 24 de mayo de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[303]=new Array(304,"page374.html","2008-02-22","PRECIPITACIÓN MÃ�XIMA PROBABLE","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PRECIPITACIÓN MÁXIMA PROBABLE PROBABLE MAXIMUM PRECIPITATION Nota alcance: Máxima precipitación que es posible en la hipótesis de que se reúne el conjunto pésimo de circunstancias, tanto de situación meteorológica como de contenido de agua en la atmósfera. La Organización Meteorológica Mundial ha propuesto una metodología de cálculo normalizada. Fuente: Asociación Iberoamericana de Organismos Gubernamentales de Defensa y Protección Civil. (2004, Septiembre 13). Glosario de Términos Arce. Extraído el 23 de mayo de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[304]=new Array(305,"page375.html","2008-02-22","PRECIPITACIÓN PROBABLE","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PRECIPITACIÓN PROBABLE PROBABLE PRECIPITATON Nota alcance: Precipitación de una determinada cantidad y duración,que puede,según previsiones razonables,esperarse con una frecuencia determinada,en una cuenca vertiente. Fuente: ICID-Comité Español de Riegos y Drenajes,1977. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[305]=new Array(306,"page376.html","2008-02-22","PREDICCIÓN","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PREDICCIÓN FORECASTING Nota alcance: Declaración de la hora, el lugar y la magnitud esperada, de un evento futuro (para terremotos, erupciones volcánicas, etc.). Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[306]=new Array(307,"page377.html","2008-02-22","PREDICCIÓN DE INUNDACIONES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PREDICCIÓN DE INUNDACIONES FLOOD FORECASTING Nota alcance: Proceso de estimar el nivel, valores de descarga, ocurrencia y duración de la crecida, especialmente del pico de caudal. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[307]=new Array(308,"page378.html","2008-02-22","PREDICCIÓN DE LA MAREA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PREDICCIÓN DE LA MAREA TIDE FORECAST Nota alcance: Prediction, for a particular place, of the height of the tide at a given time, or of the heights and times of high and low tides. Fuente: Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Multilingual Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and International Relief, 1990. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[308]=new Array(309,"page379.html","2008-02-22","PREDICCIÓN DEL TIEMPO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PREDICCIÓN DEL TIEMPO WEATHER FORECAST Nota alcance: Predicción de las condiciones metorológicas para plazos cortos y en un area específica. La previsión del tiempo generalmente tiene un grado de certeza mayor que la previsión del clima y es importante en la prevención de los desastres relacionados con la geodinámica terrestre externa. Fuente: Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Multilingual Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and International Relief, 1990. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[309]=new Array(310,"page38.html","2008-02-22","AMENAZAS CONCATENADAS O COMPLEJAS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio AMENAZAS CONCATENADAS O COMPLEJAS Nota alcance: Hace referencia a la probable ocurrencia en serie o secuencia de dos o más fenómenos físicos peligrosos donde uno desencadena el otro y así sucesivamente. Un ejemplo se encuentra en la forma en que un sismo puede causar la ruptura de presas y diques, generando inundaciones que rompen líneas de transmisión de productos volátiles o contaminantes con repercusiones directas en los seres humanos u otras especies de fauna o flora. Fuente: Lavell, A., et al. La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), PNUD. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[310]=new Array(311,"page380.html","2008-02-22","PREDICCIÓN HIDROLÓGICA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PREDICCIÓN HIDROLÓGICA HYDROLOGICAL FORECAST Nota alcance: Informe de las condiciones hidrológicas esperadas para un periodo de tiempo especificado. Fuente: Material II - IDNDR, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[311]=new Array(312,"page381.html","2008-02-22","PREPARACIÓN (PREPARATIVOS)","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PREPARACIÓN (PREPARATIVOS) PREPAREDNESS Nota alcance: Medidas cuyo objetivo es organizar y facilitar los operativos para el efectivo y oportuno aviso, salvamento y rehabilitación de la población y la economía en caso de desastre. La preparación se lleva a cabo mediante la organización y planificación de las acciones de alerta, evacuación, búsqueda, rescate, socorro y asistencia que deben realizarse en caso de emergencia y debe garantizar que los sistemas, procedimientos y recursos requeridos para hacer frente a una emergencia o desastre están disponibles para proporcionar ayuda oportuna a los afectados, usando los mecanismos existentes cuando sea posible (formación, sensibilización, planes de emergencia, sistemas de alerta temprana). Fuente: Lavell, A., et. al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[312]=new Array(313,"page382.html","2008-02-22","PRESAS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PRESAS DAMS Nota alcance: Muro grueso de piedra u otro material que se construye a través de un río, arroyo o canal, para almacenar el agua a fin de derivarla o regular su curso fuera del cauce. Fuente: Real Academia Española. (1992). Diccionario de la lengua española (21 ed.). Madrid: Espasa-Calpe. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[313]=new Array(314,"page383.html","2008-02-22","PREVENCIÓN DE RIESGOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PREVENCIÓN DE RIESGOS Nota alcance: Medidas y acciones dispuestas con anticipación que buscan prevenir nuevos riesgos o impedir que se desarrollen y se consoliden. Significa trabajar en torno a amenazas y vulnerabilidades latentes. Visto de esta manera, la prevención de riesgos se encaja en la Gestión Prospectiva del Riesgo. Dado que la prevención absoluta rara vez es posible, la prevención tiene una connotación semi-utópica y debe ser vista a la luz de consideraciones sobre el riesgo aceptable, el cual es socialmente determinado en sus niveles. Fuente: Lavell, A., et. al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[314]=new Array(315,"page384.html","2008-02-22","PRIMEROS AUXILIOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PRIMEROS AUXILIOS FIRST AID Nota alcance: Cuidados inmediatos pero temporales, dados en el lugar, a las víctimas de un accidente o de enfermedades imprevistas para prevenir complicaciones, aminorar sufrimiento y sostener la vida hasta que se obtenga un servicio competente o un médico. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[315]=new Array(316,"page385.html","2008-02-22","PROGRAMAS DE ESTUDIO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PROGRAMAS DE ESTUDIO PROGRAMS OF STUDY Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[316]=new Array(317,"page386.html","2008-02-22","PRONÓSTICO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PRONÓSTICO Nota alcance: Determinación de la probabilidad de ocurrencia de un fenómeno con base en el estudio de su mecanismo generador, el monitoreo del sistema perturbador y/o el registro de eventos en el tiempo. Un pronóstico puede ser a corto plazo, generalmente basado en la búsqueda e interpretación de señales o eventos premonitorios de un evento; a mediano plazo, basado en la información probabilística de parámetros indicadores de la potencial ocurrencia de un fenómeno, y a largo plazo, basado en la determinación del evento máximo probable en un período de tiempo que pueda relacionarse con la planificación del área potencialmente afectable. Fuente: Lavell, A., et. al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[317]=new Array(318,"page387.html","2008-02-22","PRONÓSTICO DE DAÑOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PRONÓSTICO DE DAÑOS DAMAGE PREDICTION Nota alcance: Estudio y estimación anticipada de la situación esperada y alteraciones probables que pueden causar el impacto de una determinada calamidad de origen natural o humano, en el sistema afectable (población y entorno). Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[318]=new Array(319,"page388.html","2008-02-22","PROPAGACIÓN DE LA ONDA DE INUNDACIÓN","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PROPAGACIÓN DE LA ONDA DE INUNDACIÓN FLOOD ROUNTING Nota alcance: Proceso para determinar cambios en las inundaciones, mediante el estudio de desbordamientos en canales, ríos o embalses. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[319]=new Array(320,"page389.html","2008-02-22","PROTECCIÓN AMBIENTAL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PROTECCIÓN AMBIENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Nota alcance: Complejo de medidas: monitoreo de la contaminación ambiental; desarrollo y practica de las medidas de protección ambiental (legales, técnicas, higiénicas) y establecimiento e imposición de normas. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[320]=new Array(321,"page39.html","2008-02-22","AMENAZAS TECNOLÓGICAS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio AMENAZAS TECNOLÓGICAS TECHNOLOGICAL THREATS Nota alcance: Presencia de un factor que pone en peligro al hombre, sus obras y su medio ambiente, dada la posibilidad de que se generen accidentes tecnológicos. Fuente: Costa Rica. Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias (CNE). Terminología básica sobre amenazas tecnológicas. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[321]=new Array(322,"page390.html","2008-02-22","PROTECCIÓN CIVIL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PROTECCIÓN CIVIL CIVIL PROTECTION Nota alcance: Según define la Organización Internacional de Protección Civil, la protección civil es el sistema por el que cada país proporciona la protección y la asistencia para todos ante cualquier tipo de accidente o catástrofe, así como la salvaguarda de los bienes y del medio ambiente. En rasgos generales podemos concretar que la protección civil es la gestión de los servicios de emergencias de un país, extendida a todos los niveles, e involucrando a todas las partes. Así pues, son protección civil el bombero que interviene en la extinción de un incendio y el rescate de las víctimas, el sanitario que atiende a los heridos y los traslada al hospital, el policía que controla el acceso de vehículos y personas a una zona siniestrada, el operador telefónico que atendió la llamada de emergencia, y el operador de radio que la ransmitió al correspondiente servicio. También son protección civil el ciudadano que avisa a los servicios de emergencias, el que con conocimientos válidos para la ocasión realiza la primera intervención hasta que llegan los servicios especializados. Incluso el que sin conocimientos ayuda en lo que se le requiera también es protección civil. Fuente: Wikipedia Foundation. Protección Civil. Wikipedia la enciclopedia libre. Extraído el 22 de mayo de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",5);arrFiles[322]=new Array(323,"page391.html","2008-02-22","PROYECTO ESFERA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PROYECTO ESFERA SPHERE PROJECT Nota alcance: El Proyecto de la Esfera es una iniciativa lanzada en 1997 por un grupo de organizaciones humanitarias con el objetivo de establecer, por primera vez, una serie de normas mínimas universales en las áreas más importantes de la ayuda humanitaria post-desastre, de modo que ésta vea mejorada su calidad y su rendición de cuentas. Fuente: Diccionario de Acción Humanitarian y Cooperación al Desarrollo (2000) Hegoa e Icara http://dicc.hegoa.efaber.net/. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[323]=new Array(324,"page392.html","2008-02-22","PSICÓLOGOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio PSICÓLOGOS PSYCHOLOGISTS Nota alcance: Persona dotada de especial penetración para el conocimiento del carácter y la intimidad de las personas. Fuente: Diccionario de la Real Academia Española. Consultado el 30 enero 2008. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[324]=new Array(325,"page393.html","2008-02-22","RADIACIÓN","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio RADIACIÓN RADIATION Nota alcance: Propagación de la energía en el espacio a partir de un centro de misión (fuente radiante), ya sea por medio de ondas, ya por la incorporación de la misma a corpúsculos materiales; tal energía, al desplazarse en el espacio, siempre a velocidad finita, es absorbida por los cuerpos que en contra a su paso hasta que desaparece totalmente; por consiguiente, se tiene una acción a distancia tal que su efecto completo, en ausencia de absorción (propagación en el vacío) no disminuye al aumentar la distancia de la fuente emisora, si bien se reparte uniformemente en regiones cada vez mayores, de forma que la densidad de la misma disminuye con el cuadrado de esa distancia. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[325]=new Array(326,"page394.html","2008-02-22","RADIACTIVIDAD","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio RADIACTIVIDAD RADIOACTIVITY Nota alcance: La radiactividad o radioactividad es un fenómeno físico natural, por el cual algunas sustancias o elementos químicos llamados radiactivos, emiten radiaciones que tienen la propiedad de impresionar placas fotográficas, ionizar gases, producir fluorescencia, atravesar cuerpos opacos a la luz ordinaria, etc. Debido a esa capacidad se les suele denominar radiaciones ionizantes (en contraste con las no ionizantes). Las radiaciones emitidas pueden ser electromagnéticas en forma de rayos X o rayos gamma, o bien partículas, como pueden ser núcleos de Helio, electrones o positrones, protones u otras. Fuente: Wikipedia Foundation. Radioactividad. Wikipedia la enciclopedia libre. Extraído el 22 de mayo, del 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[326]=new Array(327,"page395.html","2008-02-22","RADIOAFICIONADOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio RADIOAFICIONADOS CB HAM RADIO OPERATORS Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[327]=new Array(328,"page396.html","2008-02-22","RECONSTRUCCIÓN","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio RECONSTRUCCIÓN RECONSTRUCTION Nota alcance: Es el proceso de recuperación a mediano y largo plazo, del daño físico, social y económico, a un nivel de desarrollo igual o superior al existente antes del desastre. Los efectos de un desastre repercuten tanto social, económica como ambientalmente. Por ello las acciones en reconstrucción buscan activar las fuentes de trabajo, reactivar la actividad económica de la zona o región afectada; reparar los daños materiales en especial en materia de vivienda y de infraestructura, incorporar las medidas de prevención y mitigación del riesgo en el proceso de desarrollo. Fuente: Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias (CNE). (2006). Ciclo de los desastres. Recuperado el 11 de mayo de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[328]=new Array(329,"page397.html","2008-02-22","RECUPERACIÓN","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio RECUPERACIÓN RECOVERY Nota alcance: Proceso de reestablecimiento de condiciones aceptables y sostenibles de vida mediante la rehabilitación, reparación o reconstrucción de la infraestructura, bienes y servicios destruídos, interrumpidos o deteriorados en el área afectada, y la reactivación o impulso del desarrollo económico y social de la comunidad bajo condiciones de menor riesgo que lo que existía antes del desastre. Se debería lograr con base en la evaluación de los daños ocurridos en el análisis de prevención de riesgos y en los planes de desarrollo económico y social establecidos. Fuente: Lavell, A., et. al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[329]=new Array(330,"page398.html","2008-02-22","RECURSOS HUMANOS EN DESASTRES","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio RECURSOS HUMANOS EN DESASTRES HUMAN RESOURCES IN DISASTERS Nota alcance: Trabajadores que actúan en una emergencia o desastre: bomberos, personal de Cruz Roja, personal médico, etc. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[330]=new Array(331,"page399.html","2008-02-22","REFORESTACIÓN","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio REFORESTACIÓN REFORESTATION Nota alcance: El proceso de replantar árboles en un área esto antes tenía bosques. Fuente: Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Multilingual Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and International Relief, 1990. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[331]=new Array(332,"page4.html","2008-02-22","ABRASIÓN","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ABRASIÓN Nota alcance: Proceso de profundo desgaste o de destrucción, producido en la superficie terrestre al arrancarle porciones de materia los agentes externos. Fuente: Diccionario de la Lengua Española (22 ed.) http://www.rae.es/ Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[332]=new Array(333,"page40.html","2008-02-22","ANÃ�LISIS (EVALUACIÓN) DE AMENAZAS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ANÁLISIS (EVALUACIÓN) DE AMENAZAS Nota alcance: Es el proceso mediante el cual se determina la posibilidad de que un fenómeno físico se manifieste, con un determinado grado de severidad, durante un período de tiempo definido y en un área determinada. Representa la recurrencia estimada y la ubicación geográfica de eventos probables. Fuente: Lavell, A., et al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), PNUD. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[333]=new Array(334,"page400.html","2008-02-22","REFORZAMIENTO DE ESTRUCTURAS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio REFORZAMIENTO DE ESTRUCTURAS STRUCTURES STRENGTHENING Nota alcance: Técnicas y utilización de diversos materiales con el fin de fortalecer un inmueble con el fin de prevenir los posibles efectos provocados por un desastre o emergencia. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[334]=new Array(335,"page401.html","2008-02-22","REFUGIADOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio REFUGIADOS REFUGEES Nota alcance: De acuerdo con la legislación internacional, personas que tienen uN temor bien fundado de persecución, por razones de raza, religión, nacionalidad, pertenecer a un grupo social o de opinión política particular, en su mayoría fuera del país de origen e incapaz de regresar o ser protegido por su país. Incluye éxodos masivos de personas por razones de conflictos y desastres naturales, fuera de sus países de origen. Fuente: Material II - IDNDR, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[335]=new Array(336,"page402.html","2008-02-22","REFUGIO TEMPORAL","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio REFUGIO TEMPORAL TEMPORARY HOUSING Nota alcance: Requerimientos de protección física para las víctimas de un desastre, que no tienen la posibilidad de acceso a facilidades de habitación normales. Se cumplen las necessidades inmediatas de post-desastre, mediante el uso de carpas. Se pueden incluir otras alternativas como el uso de casas de polipropileno, domos geodésicos y otros tipo similares de vivienda temporal . Instalación temporal en un acampamiento de personas afectadas por desastres hasta que sean erguidas habitaciones temporales. Fuente: Material II -IDNDR, 1992. Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribre de Información en Ciencias de la Salud (BIREME). Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud - DeCS (2007). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[336]=new Array(337,"page403.html","2008-02-22","REFUGIOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio REFUGIOS SHELTER Nota alcance: Edificio situado en determinados lugares de las montañas para acoger a viajeros y excursionistas. Lugar adecuado para refugiarse. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[337]=new Array(338,"page404.html","2008-02-22","REFUGIOS PREDETERMINADOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio REFUGIOS PREDETERMINADOS DESIGNATED SHELTERS Nota alcance: Utilización de edificios públicos y de cualquier otras instalaciones seguras existentes antes o durante desastres como mecanismos de protección contra fuerzas destructivas ambientales. (No confundir con VIVIENDA TEMPORAL). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[338]=new Array(339,"page405.html","2008-02-22","REGIONALIZACIÓN SISMOTECTÓNICA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio REGIONALIZACIÓN SISMOTECTÓNICA SEISMOTECTONIC REGIONALIZATION Nota alcance: Zonificación terrestre de una región determinada, de conformidad con la frecuencia sísmica, en relación con la estructura de la corteza terrestre local o regional. Fuente: Material IV - Glosario de Protección Civil, OPAS, 1992. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[339]=new Array(340,"page406.html","2008-02-22","REINSTALACIÓN POST DESASTRE","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio REINSTALACIÓN POST DESASTRE POST DISASTER RESETTLEMENT Nota alcance: Acciones necesarias para la instalación permanente de personas afectadas por un desastre, a un área diferente a su anterior lugar de vivienda. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[340]=new Array(341,"page407.html","2008-02-22","REMANSO HIDRÃ�ULICO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio REMANSO HIDRÁULICO BACKWATER Nota alcance: Aumento en el nivel de agua de un río, debido al taponamiento natural o artificial de éste. Fuente: Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). (1992). Glosario multilingüe de términos convenidos internacionalmente relativos a la gestión de desastres. Ginebra. NU. Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios (DAH). Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[341]=new Array(342,"page408.html","2008-02-22","REPARACIÓN DE EDIFICIOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio REPARACIÓN DE EDIFICIOS BUILDINGS RECONSTRUCTION Nota alcance: Proceso orientado a la restauración de inmuebles que han sido afectados estructuralmente por desastre o emergencia. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[342]=new Array(343,"page409.html","2008-02-22","RESCATE EN ESPACIOS CONFINADOS","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio RESCATE EN ESPACIOS CONFINADOS RESCUE IN CONFINED SPACES Nota alcance: Operativo de emergencia en la zona afectada por un desastre, que consiste en el retiro y traslado de una víctima, bajo soporte vital básico, desde el foco de peligro hasta la unidad asistencial capaz de ofrecer atenciones y cuidados de mayor alcance. Las operaciones de rescate en espacios confinados se dividen en cinco etapas: atención a lesionados en áreas descubiertas, rescate inmediato y búsqueda en edificaciones ligeramente dañadas, exploración de puntos posibles de supervivencia, exploración adicional y remoción selecta de escombros y limpieza general de escombros. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[343]=new Array(344,"page41.html","2008-02-22","ANÃ�LISIS (EVALUACIÓN) DE RIESGO","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio ANÁLISIS (EVALUACIÓN) DE RIESGO Nota alcance: En su forma más simple, es el postulado de que el riesgo resulta de relacionar la amenaza y la vulnerabilidad de los elementos expuestos, con el fin de determinar los posibles efectos y consecuencias sociales, económicas y ambientales asociadas a uno o varios fenómenos peligrosos en un territorio y con referencia a grupos o unidades sociales y económicas particulares. Cambios en uno o más de estos parámetros modifican el riesgo en sí mismo, es decir, el total de pérdidas esperadas y las consecuencias en un área determinada. Análisis de amenazas y de vulnerabilidades componen facetas del análisis de riesgo y deben estar articulados con este propósito y no comprender actividades separadas e independientes. Un análisis de vulnerabilidad es imposible sin un análisis de amenazas y viceversa. Fuente: Lavell, A., et al. (2003). La gestión local del riesgo: nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC), PNUD. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",5);arrFiles[344]=new Array(345,"page410.html","2008-02-22","RESERVAS DE EMERGENCIA","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio RESERVAS DE EMERGENCIA STOCKPILE Nota alcance: Lugar para el almacenamiento de material, medicinas y provisiones necesarios para la atención de la emergencia. Fuente: Material V - Gunn, S.W.A. Multilingual Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and International Relief, 1990. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",3);arrFiles[345]=new Array(346,"page411.html","2008-02-22","RESIDUO NUCLEAR","","","ListaAlfabética Contáctenos Inicio RESIDUO NUCLEAR NUCLEAR WASTE Nota alcance: Es un residuo material que contiene elementos químicos radiactivos que no tienen un propósito práctico. Es frecuentemente el producto de un proceso nuclear, como la fisión nuclear. El residuo también puede generarse durante el procesamiento de combustible para los reactores o armas nucleares o en las aplicaciones médicas como la radioterapia o la medicina nuclear. Fuente: Asociación Iberoamericana de Organismos Gubernamentales de Defensa y Protección Civil. (2004, Septiembre 13). Glosario de Términos Arce. Extraído el 18 de abril de 2006 desde Recurso en línea. Copyright © 2008 CRID. Todos los derechos reservados. Créditos. www.crid.or.cr",4);arrFiles[346]=new Array(347,"page412.html","2008-02-22","RESIDUOS","","","List